Microsyopidae - Evolution der Primaten

†Microsyopidae

Microsyopidae ist der Familienname von 35 Primaten, die ab dem frühen Paläozän vor 56,0 Millionen Jahren bis vor 33,9 Millionen Jahren lebten. Viele Überreste wurden in Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika (USA) gefunden.

Die Mitglieder der Familie Microsyopidae gehören zu den primitivsten Primaten. Einige Wissenschaftler sind der Meinung, dass einige Gattungen lediglich als "primatenähnliche Insektenfresser" klassifiziert werden sollten.

Microsyopidae waren eine sehr erfolgreiche Familie, deren Arten in Nordamerika und Europa mindestens vom mittleren Paläozän bis ins späte Eozän lebten. Sie sind in ihrer Erscheinung relativ vielfältig und umfassen sowohl die kleinsten aller bekannten Primaten von der Größe einer Spitzmaus, als auch die größten frühen Primaten von der Größe eines Waschbären.

Fundorte

Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz

Schädel und Zähne

Microsyopidae teilen mit den Plesiadapiformes die primatenähnlichen Gebissmerkmale und sie sind relativ konservativ, da sie eine recht primitive Gebissmorphologie während ihrer gesamten Entwicklungsgeschichte beibehalten haben. Alle Microsyopidae haben im Unterkiefer schmale, lanzettenähnliche mittlere Schneidezähne, die sie von anderen Familien unterscheiden.

Steckbrief

Die Welt zur Zeit von Microsyopidae
Landmassenverteilung im System Paläozän Bild: Ron Blakely
Ernährung/Lebensraum
Basierend auf den Fossilien glaubt man, dass die Familie Microsyopidae Allesfresser (omnivor) waren. Ihr Leben verbrachen die Tiere vermutlich in den Bäumen (arboreal), wo sie auch ihre Nahrung fanden.
* Daten nach Schiebout, 1974
Geographie, Epoche
Lebte im:	System: Paläozän
Verbreitung:	Nordamerika Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika (USA)

Physiologie
Gewicht:	?
Schwestertaxa
Primates

In Bezug auf den Schädel weisen Microsyopidae die primitivsten Säugetiermerkmale auf, denn sie zeigen eine verwirrende Mischung aus primatenähnlichen und nicht-primatenähnlichen Merkmalen. Die bekannteste Gattung ist Microsyops. Deren arterielle Schädelmerkmale erinnern eher an heute lebende Primaten, jedoch ist die Gehörregion primitiver.

Eine andere spezialisiertere Gruppe aus der Familie der Microsyopidae ist die Unterfamilie Uintasoricinae, bei der viele Forscher skeptisch sind, ob sie überhaupt zu den Primaten gehören oder nicht. Sie besteht aus den kleinen, spitzmausgroßen Gattungen Alveojunctus und Choctawius aus dem Paläozän und Eozän Nordamerikas und Frankreichs und Niptomomys und Uintasorex aus dem Eozän des westlichen Nordamerikas. Diese vier Gattungen teilen die lanzettähnlichen Schneidezähne der anderen Mitglieder der Familie Microsyopidae, aber ihr Gebiss weist kleine dritte Molare und relativ breitere Talonide und kleinere Trigonide bei den unteren Molaren auf. Ihre Zähne deuten auf weiche Nahrung aus Früchten, Harzen und anderen Baumsäften oder Nektar hin.

Systematik

Literatur

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K. D. Rose, A. E. Chew, R. H. Dunn, M. J. Kraus, H. C. Fricke, S. P. Zack 2012, Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology. 36:3, p. 1 - 122, DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511665431.003

B. D. Rankin, P. A. Holroyd, R. H. Dunn, M. J. Kraus, H. C. Fricke, S. P. Zack 2014, Aceroryctes dulcis, a new palaeoryctid (Mammalia, Eutheria) from the early Eocene of the Wasatch Formation of southwestern Wyoming, USA. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 51:3, p. 919 - 926, DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2014-0101

S. G. Strait, P. A. Holroyd, C. A. Denvir, B. D. Rankin 2016, Early Eocene (Wasatchian) rodent assemblages from the Washakie Basin, Wyoming. PaleoBios. 33:3, p. 1 - 28, DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2014-0101

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M. R. Dawson, K. N. Constenius, W. S. Bartels 2018, Mammalian fauna of the Middle Eoene Kishenehn Formation, Middle Fork of the Flathead River, Montana. Annals of Carnegie Museum. 85:1, p. 25 - 60, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2016.100

†Microsyopidae

Die Mitglieder der Familie Microsyopidae gehören zu den primitivsten Primaten. Einige Wissenschaftler sind der Meinung, dass einige Gattungen lediglich als "primatenähnliche Insektenfresser" klassifiziert werden sollten.

Schädel und Zähne

System: Paläozän

Nordamerika

Systematik

Literatur