Darwinius masillae (Bild: Jens L. Franzen)

†Ignacius frugivorus (Paromomyidae)

Ignacius frugivorus ist eine Primatenart innerhalb der Familie Paromomyidae, die ab dem Paläozän lebte, das vor rund 56,0 Millionen Jahren begann und bis vor vor 33,9 Millionen Jahren andauerte.

Fundorte
Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz

Systematik

Daten zu den einzelnen Funden von Ignacius frugivorus
Sammlung Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Brisbane -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Slope
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
relative position of Brisbane and Judson unclear but both are close to the base of the fm., i.e., below Riverdale
3.7 to 7.0 m above base of Slope Fm. (NOT Tongue River Fm.): Hartman and Kihm 1991
Gunnell 1994 lists P. sp. "C"; not clear if this replaces P. montanus
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis rex
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Canyon Ski Quarry just E of Red Deer -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Paskapoo
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
said to be superposed to the Joffre Bridge sites
same as Fox 1990a
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Carpodaptes stonleyi
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Chappo Type Locality LaBarge Creek, 7.5 km WSW of LaBarge -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Wasatch Type Chappo; Chappo Gulch; Chappo-17
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Kommentar z. Taxonomie
said to be middle Tiffanian replaces earlier list of Dorr and Gingerich 1980
stratigraphic position relative to Buckman Hollow and Chappo Oil Well indeterminate, contra Gingerich 1976
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Chiromyoides minor
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Circle Locality Glen Waller Ranch -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union Glen Waller Ranch
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
Gunnell 1994 lists Ptilodus sp. "C"; not clear if this replaces P. montanus
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis rex
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Dell Creek Quarry Hoback Basin -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Hoback UM-Sub-Wy Locality 1
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie
said to be late Tiffanian
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis fodinatus
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Hallelujah Hill east flank Rock Springs Uplift -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union UW V-77005
Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
UW actual meter level "180 - 182"
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis churchilli
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Hand Hills West Lower Level 25 km NE of Drumheller -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Paskapoo
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
Fox 1988
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Elphidotarsius russelli
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Hand Hills West Upper Level 25 km NE of Drumheller -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Paskapoo
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
Fox 1988
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis rex
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Joe's Bonebed western Tornillo Flat Danian
zwischen 61.7 und 63.3 Millionen Jahren 		Black Peaks TMM 41366, 41365
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Museum
79 - 85 m level of Fm; Torrejonian based on Leslie et al. (2018) in a reversed zone interpreted as chron C25r based on the position of the Paleocene-Eocene boundary higher in the section, and just above a single Class I site of normal polarity interpreted as C26n TMM
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Nannodectes gidleyi
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Joffre Bridge Roadcut Lower Level 12 km E of Red Deer -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Paskapoo
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
same as Fox 1990a
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Carpodaptes hazelae
Sammlung Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Judson Danian
zwischen 61.6 und 66 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union L6; L8
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Kommentar z. Taxonomie
Peppe et al. 2011: Paleomagnetic analyses of the Tongue River Member document a series of polarity reversals that can be correlated to C29n–C26r of the GPTS suggesting Danian age "four distinct sites"
probably actually in the Slope Fm.: Hartman and Kihm 1991
Gunnell 1994 lists Ptilodus sp. "C"; not clear if this replaces P. wyomingensis
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis churchilli
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Kommentar zur Sammlung
Mason Pocket "on the Spring Creek drainage, seven miles southeast of Ignacio, near to the Mason schoolhouse... only a meter square" (Matthew 1917) (coordinate based on Ignacio) -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Tiffany (in part)
Lithographie Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
"dark gray shale very fine in texture... full of bones and fragments" (Matthew 1917) AMNH fauna known only from 1916 Granger collection
sec 20 T 33 N R 6 W
"Most other localities in the vicinity of Tiffany are stratigraphically higher than Mason Pocket": Butler et al. 1981
the "Bayfield" or "Tiffany" fauna includes many localities other than Mason Pocket such as Carracas Station and Crowbar Creek (see); additional records based on Simpson and other sources include the following: Chriacus sp., named Chriacus metocometi by Van Valen 1978 ? Dissacus sp. Phenacodus grangeri type Phenacodus matthewi type (includes type of "P. gidleyi"; see Thewissen 1990) additional Phenacodus sp. Phenacodus magnus Thewissen 1990: collected after Simpson 1935 Periptychus "superstes" type Aletodon ("Platymastus") mellon of Van Valen 1978 from 50 m above quarry: Gingerich 1983c Oxyaena sp. Gingerich 1980a from "near Tiffany"; probably the same as O. sp. from "just north of Mason Pocket" of Van Valen 1966 "Ignatiolambda barnesi" type Simons 1960: "presumed basal part of Tiffany formation, east of the Florida River and west of the Ignacio, north of the Mesa Mountains, SW 1/4, Sec. 29, R 8 W, T 34 N, La Plata County"
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Zanycteris paleocenus
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Roche Percée NW 1/4, Sec. 28, Tp. 1, R 6, W 2 (in Gao & Fox 1998) -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Ravenscrag UAR2; UAR-2; UAR2L
Lithographie Kommentar z. Taxonomie
formation consists "of fine-grained buff to grey sandstone, siltstones, and shale, with extensive lignite beds" (Scott 2006) this is a composite of several localities
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Foxomomys vossae
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Saxonella Locality SE of Blackfalds, 8 km northeast of Red Deer (Fox 1988) or "NE1/4, S13–S14, T39, R27, W4" (Scott 2010) coordinate based on Blackfalds -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Paskapoo Blindman River (in part); UA DW-2
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Lithographie Kommentar z. Taxonomie
"middle Tiffanian" (Fox 1984) or Ti3 (Fox 1988, Scott 2010) "The fossiliferous horizons occur in greenish to grayish siltstones and brown to black fissile shales" (Scott et al. 2006) list of Fox 1998 is the same as that of Fox 1990a
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Foxomomys fremdi
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Swan Hills Site 1 LSD 4, Sec 16, T 67, R 10, W of 5th meridian; S side of main road N from Swan Hills town; this part (3) is on the N side, across a swampy area -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Paskapoo UAP-13
Lithographie Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
"most of the rock at this locality is grey bentonitic shale; there are also thin lignitic layers and beds of friable limestone" (Russell 1967) "fossiliferous horizons [in the Swan Hills area] are predominantly montmorillonitic argillaceous shales, interbedded with or overlain by silty clays and calcareous shales" (Scott 2006) ROM supersedes various Krause references
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis churchilli
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Cedar Point Quarry 9 mi S of Lovell Jack Horner Res., T55N, R96W, Sect. 23 -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union
Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
UMMP same level as Jepsen Quarry and "clearly" underlying Croc Tooth and Divide Quarries: Gingerich 1976said by Gingerich and Winkler 1985 to be at "approximately 325 m" but I believe this is based on biochronological inference aloneI have used Van Valen's 1978 list of condylarths because Rose gives no reason for ignoring itsec 23-26 T55N R96W"Claenodon ferox" is omitted by Van Valen 1978 Zone Ti-3
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis rex
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Kommentar zur Sammlung
Love Quarry Togwotee Pass, Wind River Basin -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Love's Locality L-14
Lithographie Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
"limestone-pellet conglomerate" USGS unit underlying Lower Variegated Sequence
Gunnell 1994 lists Ptilodus sp. "C"; not clear if this replaces P. fractus
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Zanycteris paleocenus
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Malcolm's Locality Badwater Creek, northern Wind River Basin -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union Badwater Creek
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
not to be confused with Eocene Badwater localities or with Shotgun
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis churchilli
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Olive Locality Powder River Basin -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Dillerlemur pagei
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Scarritt Quarry Crazy Mountain Basin -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Melville Simpson's Locality 56
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Kommentar z. Taxonomie
in a stratigraphically isolated reversed polarity zone interpreted as chron C26r: Butler et al. 1987 Scarritt Quarry, (early Tiffanian, Ti2) Melville Formation, eastern Crazy Mountains Basin, Montana, USA see Simpson 1937a for level in CMB section
exact NISP counts are given and sum to 772; however, Hartman and Krause 1993 state that there are "over 1000 identifiable specimens"
many of the types are described in Simpson 1936c
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis anceps
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Shotgun NE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec 31 T6N R3W, northern Wind River Basin: MacIntyre 1966 -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union UW V-60014, V-60016; Keefer Hill; Twin Buttes; Jenkins Mountain; New Anthill
Kommentar z. Taxonomie
this is NOT West Side of Shotgun Butte (see), which is the uppermost of three fossiliferous horizons; the fauna of the lowest horizon is not discussed by Gunnell apart from the plesiadapiforms, Gunnell's list is mostly repeated from ancient sources without modification Gunnell lists Eudaemonema cuspidata from "Shotgun fauna, Keefer Hill" but omits this from his faunal list
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Nannodectes intermedius
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Birchwood "cutbank on the north side of Modeste Creek, immediately downstream of its confluence with Bucklake Creek, approximately 70 km southwest of Edmonton" in the Drayton Valley "NW1/4, Section (S)14, Township (T)49, Range (R)5, W5" (Scott 2010) -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Paskapoo ETE Locality 1533
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Lithographie
said to be "middle Tiffanian (Ti3)" by Webb 1998 and Scott (2010) "30 cm thick layer" ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . "numerous lenses of poorly consolidated mudclast conglomerate, coarse and fine sandstone, and mudstone" (Scott et al. 2006) or "coarse, poorly consolidated sandstone" (Scott 2010) ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Torrejonia sirokyi
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Narcissus (TMP locality L2395) South side of Bow River, west of Bearspaw Dam near the western limits of the city of Calgary, in Rocky View County Danian
zwischen 61.7 und 63.3 Millionen Jahren 		Porcupine Hills Bearspaw local fauna; Bow river
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Lithographie Museum
Middle Torrejonian (To2) Caliche and clay clast lags at the base of massively bedded sandstones TMP
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiolestes problematicus
Sammlung Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
Edentulous Jaw Site, locality V98012 -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Goler
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Lithographie
Ti2–Ti3 Lofgren et al. 2014: The mammalian fauna from member 4a and the lower part of member 4b is collectively referred to as the Goler Assemblage. the Goler Assemblage is probably middle Tiffanian (Ti3–Ti4a), although a Ti5a age is also possible. Sandstone and siltstone
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis anceps
Sammlung Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
UCM locality 92177 -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union USGS loc. D-2001
Kommentar z. Stratigraphie Lithographie Museum
261 m below the upper contact of the Late Paleocene Fort Union Formation (Atwell Gulch Member), with the Early Eocene Wasatch Formation (Molina Member); Lichtig and Lucas (2015) report this site as Clarkforkian. light-grey to light-brown sandstones; olive, purple, dark-reddish-brown claystone; and mudstones that are highly variegated UCM
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Nannodectes gazini
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Divide Quarry North Emblem Reservoir Quadrangle, 54N, 95W, Sect. 16 Thanetian
zwischen 55.8 und 58.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union FG-46
Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
UMMP same level as Croc Tooth and "clearly overlying" Cedar Point and Jepsen Quarries: Gingerich 1976NE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec 16 T54N R95W; Biozone Ti-4
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Carpodaptes jepseni
Sammlung Kommentar zum Fundort Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation Kommentar zur Sammlung
Croc Tooth Quarry Bighorn Basin, North Emblem Reservoir Quad, 54N, 95W, Sect. 5 Thanetian
zwischen 55.8 und 58.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union Crocodile Tooth Quarry; Witter Quarry; FG-28
Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
UMMP said by Archibald et al. 1987 to be Ti4 but not in a measured sectionnot the same as the Witter locality in the Sentinel Butte Fm. of North Dakota (see)same level as Divide Quarry and "clearly overlying" Cedar Point and Jepsen Quarries: Gingerich 1976sec 5 T54N R95W
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Chiromyoides caesor
Sammlung Epoche, Alter
SC-243 -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren
Museum Kommentar z. Taxonomie
UMMP meter level based on Butler et al. 1981; said to be Ti4
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis churchilli
Sammlung Epoche, Alter Geologie, Formation
UMMP SC-394 -
zwischen 56.8 und 61.7 Millionen Jahren 		Fort Union
Museum
UMMP
U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: Plesiadapis fodinatus

Literatur

R. C. Holtzman 1978, Late Paleocene Mammals of the Tongue River Formation, Western North Dakota. North Dakota Geological Survey Report of Investigations. 65, p. 1 - 88
J. A. Dorr, Jr. 1978, Revised and Amended Fossil Vertebrate Faunal Lists, Early Tertiary, Hoback Basin, Wyoming. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming. 16:2, p. 79 - 84
D. L. Wolberg 1979, Late Paleocene (Tiffanian) mammalian fauna of two localities in eastern Montana. Northwest Geology. 8:2, p. 83 - 93
M. C. McKenna 1980, Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary vertebrate paleontological reconnaissance, Togwotee Pass area, northwestern Wyoming. Aspects of Vertebrate History: Essays in Honor of Edwin Harris Colbert, L. L. Jacobs (ed.), Museum of Northern Arizona Press. :2, p. 323 - 343
K. D. Rose 1981, The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology. 26:2, p. 1 - 197
G. F. Winterfeld 1982, Mammalian paleontology of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene), eastern Rock Springs Uplift, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming. 21:1, p. 73 - 112
R. C. Fox 1984, First North American record of the Paleocene primate Saxonella. Journal of Paleontology. 58:3, p. 892 - 894
R. C. Fox 1988, Late Cretaceous and Paleocene mammal localities of southern Alberta. Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. 6:3, p. 1 - 38
G. F. Gunnell 1989, Evolutionary History of Microsyopoidea (Mammalia, ?Primates) and the Relationship Between Plesiadapiformes and Primates. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology. 27:3, p. 1 - 157
R. C. Fox 1990, The succession of Paleocene mammals in western Canada. Geological Society of America Special Paper. 243:3, p. 51 - 70
D. W. Krause, M. C. Maas 1990, The biogeographic origins of late Paleocene - early Eocene mammalian immigrants to the Western Interior of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper. 243:3, p. 71 - 105
R. C. Fox, M. C. Maas 1990, The succession of Paleocene mammals in western Canada. Geological Society of America Special Paper. 243:3, p. 51 - 70
G. F. Gunnell, M. C. Maas 1994, Paleocene mammals and faunal analysis of the Chappo Type Locality (Tiffanian), Green River Basin, Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14:1, p. 81 - 104
T. E. Macdonald, M. C. Maas 1995, Late Paleocene (Tiffanian) mammalian local faunas in superposition from near Drumheller, Alberta. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15:3, p. 41A - 104
J. Alroy, M. C. Maas 2002, Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. . :3, p. - 104
C. S. Scott, M. W. Webb, R. C. Fox 2006, Horolodectes sunae, an enigmatic mammal from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleontology. 80:5, p. 1009 - 1025
R. Secord, M. W. Webb, R. C. Fox 2008, The Tiffanian Land-Mammal Age (middle and late Paleocene) in the northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology. 35:5, p. 1 - 192
D. L. Lofgren, J. G. Honey, M. C. McKenna, R. L. Zondervan, E. E. Smith 2008, Paleocene primates from the Goler Formation of the Mojave Desert in California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series. 41:5, p. 11 - 28
B. J. Burger, J. G. Honey, M. C. McKenna, R. L. Zondervan, E. E. Smith 2013, A new species of the archaic primate Zanycteris from the late Paleocene of western Colorado and the phylogenetic position of the family Picrodontidae. PeerJ. 1:5, p. e191:1 - 11, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.191
C. S. Scott, D. N. Spivak, A. R. Sweet 2013, First mammals from the Paleocene Porcupine Hills Formation of southwestern Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 50:5, p. 355 - 378, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.191