†Homo neanderthalensis (Hominidae)
Homo neanderthalensis ist eine Primatenart innerhalb der Familie Hominidae.
Fundorte
Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz
Daten zu den einzelnen Funden von Homo neanderthalensis
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Apidima Cave A | The Apidima complex of six maritime caves is located in Mesa Mani (Lakonia), on a steep coast of the western Mani peninsula, which is the southernmost continental point of the Balkan peninsula, very near to the active Hellenic subduction zone. | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie |
| The Apidima caves are karstic formations within the Middle Triassic-Late Eocene limestone (Plattenkalk) of depth 500m, from 4m to 24m above sea level, in a vertical zone of depth 20m. Very thick and cohesive breccia up to 23m above sea level. Dated using ESR on travertine calcite and fossils - two samples with dates of 250-450,000 and 200-300,000BP. "As the Apidima fauna is stratigraphically mixed, careful interpretation is required" | Quaternary terrestrial deposits are represented, in some places, by very cohesive cemented breccias, sometimes with fossils; and scree and talus cones compacted during the Mindel, Riss and Wurm. The Apidima caves are karstic formations within the Middle Triassic-Late Eocene limestone (Plattenhalk). | rodent and bird remains are also mentioned |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artenac 'Bed 6 composite list', Commune de Saint-Mary, Charente, | Co-ordinates based on the city of Angouleme, the site is 20km North East of the city on a tributary of the Charente called the Tardoire. | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
Artenac-en-Charente |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| There are five members at this site ranging in age from the Middle to Upper Pleistocene. Members 1-3 (beds I-V) are Middle Pleistocene levels, the Upper Pleistocene is represented by Members 4-5 (beds 5-10). Bed 6 is ?Stage 5, temperate to cold. The micromammal collection for bed 6 is divided into 3 parts (6a, b, c) but the sediments and macromammals are not. | very rich matrix. Many small pebbles and occasional blocks. |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Kalamakia | The Kalamakia site is located on the western coast of the Mani peninsula. Like other sites in this region (Apidima, Lakonis; see Harvati et al., 2003; Panagopoulou et al., 2002e2004; Harvati et al., 2009, 2011), it is a karstic cave formed in the limestone cliffside, and one of the numerous caves opened in this part of the peninsula preserving Pleistocene fillings with dense Paleolithic material (Darlas and Psathi, 2008). The cave is situated directly on the coast approximately 2.5 km northwest of Areopolis (Fig. 1), some 10 m from the current sea-line at 2.5 m above sea level (hereafter asl), and directly above what is interpreted as the Tyrrhenean terrace | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|
| Lakonis I | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
LKH I |
| Lithographie | ||
| highly lithified bone breccia |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Gruta Nova da Columbeira | The Gruta Nova da Columbeira cavity is located in Bombarral (Leiria, west central Portugal), on the southern slope of the deep steep Rôto Valley, scored by Columbeira Stream (tributary of Real River), and formed in Upper Jurassic limestones | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| Absolute dating carried out at the site offered an estimated chronological range between the MIS-5 and the early MIS-3 (35.9, 54.4, 60.9, and 101.5 ka BP) (Raposo & Cardoso, 1998) by U-series dating, the standard deviations being overly high. However, the main Neanderthal occupation corresponds to Level 8 (with the greatest turtle ensemble) whose U-series dating on a large bone of Dicerorhinus hemitoechus has offered a result of 87.1 ± 6.3 ka BP (Zilh˜ao et al., 2011). |
Literatur
A. Delagnes, J.-F. Tournepiche, D. Armand, E. Desclaux, M.-F. Diot, C. Ferrier, V. Le Fillatre, B. Vandermeersch 1999, Le gisement Pleistocene moyen et superieur d'Artenac (Saint-Mary, Charent): premier bilan interdisciplinaire. Bulletin de la Societe Prehistorique Francaise. 96:4, p. 469 - 496K. Harvati, E. Panagopoulou, P. Karkanas 2003, First Neanderthal remains from Greece: the evidence from Lakonis. Journal of Human Evolution. 45:4, p. 465 - 473
K. Harvati, A. Darlas, S. E. Bailey, T. R. Rein, S. El Zaatari, L. Fiorenza, O. Kullmer, E. Psathi 2013, New Neanderthal remains from Mani peninsula, Southern Greece: The Kalamakia Middle Paleolithic cave site. Journal of Human Evolution. 64:6, p. 486 - 499, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.002
K. Harvati, C. Roding, A. M. Bosman, F. A. Karakostis, R. Grün, C. Stringer, P. Karkanas, N. C. Thompson, V. Koutoulidis, L. A. Moulopoulos, V. G. Gorgoulis, M. Kouloukoussa 2019, Apidima Cave fossils provide earliestevidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia. Nature. 571:6, p. 500 - 504, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z
I. Boneta Jiménez, J. L. Cardoso, A. Pérez-García 2023, The turtles from the middle Paleolithic site of Gruta Nova da Columbeira (Bombarral, Portugal): Update through an archaeozoological perspective. The Anatomical Record. :6, p. 1 - 15, DOI: 10.1002/ar.25229