Hominidae

Hominidae ist der Familienname von 131 Primaten, die ab dem frühen vor bis lebten. Viele Überreste wurden in China gefunden.

Die Familie Hominidae ist eine Primatenfamilie innerhalb der Überfamilie Hominoidea (Höhere Primaten).

Die Familie hatte bis vor geraumer nur Homo sapiens als einziges Mitglied; die großen Menschenaffen zählte man zur Familie Pongidae. Neue Forschungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass die Beziehung zwischen Menschen und Schimpansen so eng ist, dass die Familie Hominidae neu definiert werden mußte (Groves, 2005).

Fundorte

Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz

Die bislang ältesten aufrecht gehenden Hominiden (Sahelanthropus aus dem Tschad, Orrorin aus Kenia und Ardipithecus aus Äthiopien) erscheinen im späten Miozän in Nord- und Ostafrika vor 5 bis 7 Millionen Jahren. Wahrscheinlich entwickelte sich aus Ardipithecus im Pliozän vor etwa 4 Millionen Jahren Australopithecus, der nach heutiger Kenntnis der direkte Vorfahr von Homo ist (Semaw et al., 2005; White et al., 2006).

Steckbrief

Die Welt zur Zeit von Hominidae
Landmassenverteilung im Holozän Bild: Ron Blakely
Ernährung/Lebensraum
Basierend auf den Fossilien glaubt man, dass die Familie Hominidae Allesfresser (omnivor) waren. Ihr Leben verbrachen die Tiere vermutlich auf dem Boden, wo sie auch ihre Nahrung fanden.
* Daten nach Badgley et al., 1988
Verbreitung:	Ostasien China

Physiologie
Gewicht:	?
Schwestertaxa
Eucatarrhini †Nyanzapithecinae Hominoidea †Kamoyapithecus †Kogolepithecus †Dendropithecoidea †Saadanioidea †Propliopithecoidea †Propliopithecidae †Pliopithecoidea †Kalepithecus †Pliobates Cercopithecoidea

© gautsch. / Flickr — Zwei Vertreter der taxonomischen Familie Hominidae: Orang-Utan und Menschenfrau

gautsch. / Flickr

In Ostafrika tauchen vor 2,6 Millionen Jahren die ältesten Werkzeuge und Schnittspuren auf Knochen auf, die nur etwas älter sind, als die ältesten bekannten Fossilien von Homo, Nachkomme des Australopithecus vor etwa 2,2 bis 2,4 Millionen Jahren (Semaw et al. 2003).

Systematik

Hominoidea
- Hominidae
  - Homininae
    - Gorillini
    - Hominini
      - †Australopithecus
        †Australopithecus afarensis
        †Australopithecus anamensis
        †Australopithecus sediba
        †Australopithecus deyiremeda
        †Australopithecus garhi
        †Australopithecus africanus
      - †Ardipithecus
        †Ardipithecus ramidus
        †Ardipithecus kadabba
      - Homo
        †Homo naledi
        †Homo rhodesiensis
        †Homo rudolfensis
        †Homo heidelbergensis
        †Homo neanderthalensis
        †Homo georgicus
        †Homo floresiensis
        †Homo habilis
        †Homo antecessor
        †Homo erectus
        †Homo njarasensis
        Homo sapiens
        Homo_sapiens_americanus
        Homo_sapiens_ferus
        † Homo_sapiens_idaltu
        Homo_sapiens_monstrosus
        Homo_sapiens_europaeus
        Homo_sapiens_asiaticus
        Homo_sapiens_afer
        †Kenyanthropus platyops
        †Homo helmei
      - †Sahelanthropus
        †Sahelanthropus tchadensis
      - Panina
        Pan
        Pan_troglodytes
        Pan_paniscus
    - †Graecopithecini
      - †Graecopithecus
        †Graecopithecus freybergi
        †Ouranopithecus turkae
        †Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
    - †Dryopithecini
      - †Dryopithecus
        †Dryopithecus (Rangwapithecus)
        †Dryopithecus mogharensis
        †Dryopithecus chinjiensis
        †Dryopithecus fontani
  - Presbytina
  - †Danuvius
    - †Danuvius guggenmosi
  - Cercopithecina
  - †Preanthropinae
    - †Praeanthropus
  - Hominina
    - †Paranthropus
  - Gorilla
    - Gorilla beringei
    - Gorilla gorilla
  - †Oreopithecus
    - †Oreopithecus bambolii
  - Ponginae
    - †Khoratpithecus
    - †Sivapithecini
    - †Hispanopithecini
      - †Hispanopithecus
        †Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus)
        † Hispanopithecus_(Hispanopithecus)_hungaricus
        † Hispanopithecus_(Hispanopithecus)_crusafonti
        † Hispanopithecus_(Hispanopithecus)_laietanus
    - Pongini
      - Pongo
        Pongo tapanuliensis
        Pongo abelii
        †Pongo hooijeri
        Pongo pygmaeus
    - †Lufengpithecini
  - †Lufengpithecus
    - †Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis
    - †Lufengpithecus lufengensis
  - Simiina
  - †Pierolapithecus
    - †Pierolapithecus catalaunicus
  - †Australopithecinae
  - †Dryopithecinae

Literatur

J. Wyman 1868, An Account of Some Kjoekkenmoeddings, or Shell-Heaps, in Maine and Massachusetts. American Naturalist. 1:aa, p. 561 - 584

P. Gervais 1876, . Zoologie et Paléontologie Générales. Nouvelles Recherches sur les Animaux Vertébrés Dont On Trouve les Ossements Enfouis dans le Sol et sur Leur Comparaison aves les Espèces Actuellement Existantes. Deuxième Série [General Zoology and Paleontology. New Research on Vertebrate Animals Whose Bones Are Found in the Soil and Their Comparison with Existing Species. Second Series]. :aa, p. 72 - 584

J. A. Allen 1885, On an extinct type of dog from Ely Cave, Lee County, Virginia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 10:2, p. 1 - 13

E. H. Sellards 1917, Review of the evidence on which the human remains found at Vero, Florida, are referred to the Pleistocene. Florida State Geological Survey Annual Report. 9:2, p. 69 - 81

R. Fourtau 1918, . Contribution à l'étude des vertébrés miocènes de l'Égypte. :2, p. 1 - 109

W. J. Wintemberg 1936, Roebuck Prehistoric Village Site, Grenville County, Ontario. National Museum of Canada Bulletin. 83:2, p. 1 - 178

E. I. Belyaeva 1948, . Catalogue of Tertiary Fossil Sites of the Land Mammals in the U.S.S.R.. :2, p. - 178

C. Arambourg, R. Hoffstetter 1954, Decouverte en Afrique du Nord de restes humains du Paleolithique inferieur. C.R.Acad.Sci.(Paris). 239:2, p. 72 - 74

F. E. Peabody, R. Hoffstetter 1954, Travertines and Cave Deposits of the Kaap Escarpment of South Africa, and the Type Locality of Australopithecus Africanus Dart. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 65:2, p. 671 - 706

C. E. Ray, R. Hoffstetter 1958, Additions to the Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Melbourne, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 119:2, p. 419 - 449

R. F. Ewer, R. Hoffstetter 1958, The fossil suidae of Makapansgat. Journal of Zoology. 130:3, p. 329 - 371

A. H. Harris, J. S. Findley 1964, Pleistocene-Recent fauna of the Isleta Caves, Bernalillo County, New Mexico. American Journal of Science. 262:3, p. 114 - 120

C. K. Brain, J. S. Findley 1967, The Transvaal Museum's fossil project at Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science. 63:3, p. 378 - 384

G. Isaac, J. S. Findley 1967, The stratigraphy of the Peninj group:early middle Pleistocene formations west of Lake Natron. In: Bkground to evol. in Africa. :3, p. 229 - 257

B. Howe, C. Arambourg, L. C. Briggs 1967, The Palaeolithic of Tangier, Morocco. Harvard University Bulletin. 22:3, p. - 257

A. Walker, C. Arambourg, L. C. Briggs 1969, Fossil Mammal Locality on Mount Elgon, Eastern Uganda. Nature. 223:3, p. 591 - 593

E. L. Simons, S. R. K. Chopra, L. C. Briggs 1969, Gigantopithecus (Pongidae, Hominoidea) a new species from North India. Postilla. 138:3, p. 1 - 18

W. W. Bishop, J. A. Miller, F.J. Fitch 1969, New Potassium-Argon Age Determinations Relevant to the Miocene Fossil Mammal Sequence in East Africa. American Journal of Science. 267:3, p. 669 - 699

Q. B. Hendey, J. A. Miller, F.J. Fitch 1969, Quaternary vertebrate fossil sites in the south-western Cape Province. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 24:95/96, p. 96-105 - 114

B. Patterson, A. K. Behrensmeyer, W.D. Sill 1970, Geology and Fauna of a New Pliocene Locality in North- western Kenya. Nature. 226:95/96, p. 918 - 921

R. C. Klein, A. K. Behrensmeyer, W.D. Sill 1972, The late quaternary mammalian fauna of Nelson Bay Cave (Cape Province, South Africa): Its implications for megafaunal extinctions and environmental and cultural change. Quaternary Research. 2:2, p. 135 - 142

C. S. Churcher, P.E.L. Smith, W.D. Sill 1972, Kom Ombo: Preliminary Report on the Fauna of Late Paleolithic Sites in Upper Egypt. Science. 177:2, p. 259 - 261

F. C. Howell, Y. Coppens, W.D. Sill 1973, Inventory of remains of Hominidae from Pliocene and Pleistocene formations of the lower Omo Basin, Ethiopia (1967-1972). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 40:2, p. 1 - 16

J. C. Rage, Y. Coppens, W.D. Sill 1973, Fossil snakes from Olduvai,Tanzania. Fossil Vertebrates from Africa. 3:2, p. 1 - 6

R. A. Martin, S. D. Webb, W.D. Sill 1974, Late Pleistocene mammals from the Devil's Den Fauna, Levy County. Pleistocene Mammals of Florida. :2, p. 114 - 145

P. B. Beaumont, A. K. Boshier, W.D. Sill 1974, Report on Test Excavations in a Prehistoric Pigment Mine near Postmasburg, North Cape. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 29:2, p. 41 - 59

R. G. Klein, K. Scott, W.D. Sill 1974, The Fauna of Scott's Cave, Gamtoos Valley, South-Eastern Cape Province. South African Journal of Science. 70:2, p. 186 - 187

D. L. Rasmussen, K. Scott, W.D. Sill 1974, New Quaternary mammal localities in the upper Clark Fork River valley, western Montana. Northwest Geology. 3:2, p. 62 - 70

L. Lahren, R. Bonnichsen, W.D. Sill 1974, Bone foreshafts from a Clovis burial in southwestern Montana. Science. 186:2, p. 147 - 150

C. S. Churcher, R. Bonnichsen, W.D. Sill 1974, Relationships of the Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Fauna from Kom Ombo, Upper Egypt. Annals of the Geological Survey of Egypt. 4:2, p. 363 - 384

T. Shikama, C.C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, Discovery of Fossil Homo sapiens from Cho chen in Taiwan. The Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon . 84:2, p. 131 - 138, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

P. M. Butler, M. Greenwood, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, Elephant Shrews (Macroscelididae) from Olduvai and Makapansgat. Fossil Vertebrates of Africa. 4:2, p. 1 - 50, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

D. W. Phillipson, M. Greenwood, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, The Prehistory of Eastern Zambia. Memoir of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. 6:2, p. - 50, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

D. C. Johanson, M. Splingaer, N. T. Boaz 1976, Paleontological excavations in the Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Basin, 1969-1973. Earliest Man and Environments in the East Rudolf Basin. :2, p. - 50, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

H. De Villiers, M. Splingaer, N. T. Boaz 1976, A second adult human mandible from Border Cave, Ingwavuma District, KwaZulu, South Africa. South African Journal of Science. 72:2, p. 212 - 215, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

D. W. Phillipson, M. Splingaer, N. T. Boaz 1976, The Prehistory of Eastern Zambia. Memoir of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. 6:2, p. - 215, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

D. C. Johanson, M. Taieb, N. T. Boaz 1976, Plio-Pleistocene hominid discoveries in Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature. 260:2, p. 293 - 297, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

J. Hurzeler, B. Engesser, N. T. Boaz 1976, Les faunes de mammiferes neogenes du Bassin de Baccinello (Grosseto, Italie). Comptes Rendus de la Academie des Sciences Paris, Serie D. 283:2, p. 333 - 336, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

T. Shikama, C.-C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, Discovery of Fossil Homo sapiens from Cho-chen in Taiwan . Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon. 84:2, p. 131 - 138, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

C. K. Brain, C.-C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, Re-interpretation of the Swartkrans site and its remains. South African Journal of Science. 72:2, p. 141 - 146, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

F. Wendorf, R. Schild, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, . Prehistory of the Nile Valley. :2, p. - 146, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

R. L. Hay, M. Splingaer, N. T. Boaz 1976, Geology of the Olduvai Gorge. University of California Press, Berkeley.. :2, p. - 146, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

R. G. Klein, M. Splingaer, N. T. Boaz 1976, The Mammalian Fauna of the Klasies River Mouth Sites, Southern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 31:2, p. 75 - 98, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

G. Eck, M. Splingaer, N. T. Boaz 1977, Diversity and frequency distributions of Omo Group Cercopithecidae. Journal of Human Evolution. 6:2, p. 55 - 63, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

Q. Pu, F. Qian, N. T. Boaz 1977, Identification of the Yuanmou fossil-man strata; study of the Yuanmou Formation. Acta Geologica Sinica (= Dizhi xuebao). 1977:1, p. 89 - 100, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131

D. C. Johanson, M. Taieb, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1978, Geological framework of the Pliocene Hadar Formation (Afar, Ethiopia), with notes on paleontology including hominids. Geological Background to Fossil Man. 8:1, p. 549 - 564, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1978.006.01.37

T. C. Partridge, M. Taieb, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1978, Re-appraisal of lithostratigraphy of Sterkfontein hominid site. Nature. 275:1, p. 282 - 287, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1978.006.01.37

R. G. Klein, M. Taieb, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1978, A Preliinary Report on the Larger Mammals from the Boomplaas Stone age Cave Site, Cango Valley, Oudtshoorn District, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 33:1, p. 66 - 75, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1978.006.01.37

M. G. Leakey, R.E.F. Leakey, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1978, Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Hominids and an Introduction to Their Context, 1968 - 1974. Oxford University Press, New York. I:1, p. - 564, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1978.006.01.37

H. B. S. Cooke, M. Taieb, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1978, Pliocene-Pleistocene Suidae from Hadar, Ethiopia. Kirtlandia. 29:1, p. 1 - 63, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1978.006.01.37

R. G. Klein, M. Taieb, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1979, Paleoenvironmental and Cultural Implications of Late Holocene Archaeological Faunas from the Orange Free State and North Central Cape Province, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 34:1, p. 34 - 49, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1978.006.01.37

P. Hooker, J. Miller, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1979, K–Ar dating of the Pleistocene fossil hominid site at Chesowanja, North Kenya. Nature. 282:1, p. 710 - 712, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. M. Harris, T.D. White, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1979, Evolution of the Plio-Pleistocene African Suidae. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 69:1, p. 1 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

A. Wallace, J. Stockton, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1979, Skeletal remains at Coningham, Tasmania, Australia. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. 113:1, p. 149 - 153, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

R. G. Klein, J. Stockton, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1979, Paleoenvironmental and Cultural Implications of Late Holocene Archaeological Faunas from the Orange Free State and North Central Cape Province, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 34:1, p. 34 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

E. S. Wing, T.D. White, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1980, Faunal remains. Guitarrero Cave: Early Man in the Andes. :1, p. 149 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

Y. Li, C. Lei, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1980, Fossil animals discovered in Shenxian [Fairies'] Cave, Lishui County, Jiangsu Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica (=Gujizhui Dongwu yu Gurenlei). 18:1, p. 59 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

E. S. Wing, C. Lei, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1980, Faunal remains. Guitarrero Cave: Early Man in the Andes. :1, p. 149 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

D. R. Pilbeam, R. Smith, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1981, New skull remains of Sivapithecus from Pakistan. Memoir Geological Survey of Pakistan. 2:1, p. 1 - 13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

R. G. Klein, R. Smith, B. T. Gray, Y. Coppens 1981, Later Stone Age Subsistence at Byeneskranskop, South Africa. In: Harding, R.S.O. and Telecki, G. eds., Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York. :1, p. - 13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. A. Gowlett, J.W. Harris, D. Walton, B. Wood 1981, Early archaeological sites,hominid remains and traces of fire from Chesowanja,Kenya. Nature. 294:5837, p. 125 - 129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. Beden, J.W. Harris, D. Walton, B. Wood 1981, Les proboscidiens des grands gisements a hominides Plio-Pleistocenes d'Afrique orientale. In: L'Environment des Hominides au Plio-Pleistocene. Fondation Singer-Polignac.. :5837, p. - 129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

C. K. Brain, J.W. Harris, D. Walton, B. Wood 1981, The Hunters of the Hunted? An Introduction to African Cave Taphonomy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. :5837, p. - 129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. G. Leakey, J.W. Harris, D. Walton, B. Wood 1982, Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 58:5837, p. 153 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

T. C. Partridge, J.W. Harris, D. Walton, B. Wood 1982, Brief comments on "sedimentological characteristics of the 'Red Muds' at the Makapansgat Limeworks," by B.R. Turner. Palaeoecology of Africa. 15:5837, p. 45 - 47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

S. L. Olson, H. F. James, D. Walton, B. Wood 1982, Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 365:5837, p. 1 - 59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. G. Leakey, H. F. James, D. Walton, B. Wood 1982, Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 58:5837, p. 153 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

L.M. van den Brink, H. F. James, D. Walton, B. Wood 1982, On the mammal fauna of the Wajak Cave, Java (Indonesia). In: G. Bartstra, ed. Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia. 7:5837, p. 177 - 193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

E. S. Vrba, D.C. Panagos, D. Walton, B. Wood 1982, New perspectives on taphonomy, palaeoecology, and chronology of the Kromdraai apemen. Palaeoecology of Africa and the Surrounding Islands. 15:5837, p. 13 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. G. Leakey, D.C. Panagos, D. Walton, B. Wood 1982, Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 58:5837, p. 153 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

D. C. Johanson, M. Taieb, Y. Coppens 1982, Pliocene hominids from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia (1973-1977): Stratigraphic, chronologic and paleoenvironmental contexts with notes on hominid morphology and systematics. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 57:5837, p. 373 - 402, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. G. Leakey, M. Taieb, Y. Coppens 1982, Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 58:5837, p. 153 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. E. Kalb, C. J. Jolly, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1982, Fossil Mammals and Artifacts from the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. Nature. 298:5837, p. 25 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

D. Pilbeam, C. J. Jolly, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1982, New hominoid skull material from the Miocene of Pakistan. Nature. 295:5846, p. 232 - 234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. G. Leakey, C. J. Jolly, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1982, Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 58:5846, p. 153 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

R. Singer, J. Wymer, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1982, The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. :5846, p. - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. M. Harris, J. Wymer, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1983, Koobi Fora Research Project The Fossil Ungulates: Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Suidae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2:5846, p. - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. de Heinzelin, J. Wymer, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1983, The Omo Group: Archives of the International Omo Research Expedition. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales Series 8, Tervuren, Belgique. 85:5846, p. - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

W. W. Dalquest, F. B. Stangl, Jr., A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1984, Late Pleistocene and early Recent mammals from Fowlkes Cave, southern Culberson County, Texas. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication. 8:5846, p. 432 - 455, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

A. Hill, F. B. Stangl, Jr., A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1985, Early hominid from Baringo,Kenya. Nature (London). 315:6016, p. 222 - 224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

R. A. Rogers, L. D. Martin, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1985, Early Projectile Points and Pleistocene Fauna from Sandpits near Wichita, Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 88:1/2, p. 46 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

F. L. Van Noten, B.A. Wood, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1985, A new hominid from Baringo,Kenya. LAnthropologie. 89:1, p. 141 - 143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

L. E. Frostick, I. Reid, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Evolution and sedimentary character of lake deltas fed by ephemeral rivers in the Turkana Basin, southern Kenya. Geological Society of America Special Publication. 25:1/2, p. 113 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

H. J. Tucci, I. Reid, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Archaeological investigations of Durham Cave 2. Current Research in the Pleistocene. 3:1/2, p. 25 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

G. Braeuer, R.E.F. Leakey, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, The ES-11693 Cranium from Eliye Springs, West Turkana, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution. 15:4, p. 289 - 312, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

T. D. White, R.E.F. Leakey, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: a case of prehistoric defleshing. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 69:4, p. 503 - 509, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

A. Hill, G. Curtis, R. Drake 1986, Sedimentary stratigraphy of the Tugen Hills,Baringo,Kenya. Geological Society of America Special Publication. 25:4, p. 285 - 295, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

R. G. Klein, G. Curtis, R. Drake 1986, Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia). The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 39:4, p. 109 - 116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

T. C. Partridge, G. Curtis, R. Drake 1986, Palaeoecology of the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene hominids of southern Africa: how good is the chronological and paleoenvironmental evidence?. South African Journal of Science. 82:4, p. 80 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. D. Leakey, J. M. Harris, R. Drake 1987, Laetoli: a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain. :4, p. - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. E. Yellen, A. S. Brooks, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1987, A terminal Pleistocene assemblage from Drotsky Cave,western Ngamiland,Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records. 19:4, p. 1 - 6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. D. Leakey, J. M. Harris, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1987, Laetoli: a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain. :4, p. - 6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

R. C. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1987, Large mammal and tortoise bones from Eland's Bay Cave and nearby sites, Western Cape Province, South Africa. BAR International Series. 332(I):4, p. 132 - 163, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. D. Leakey, J. M. Harris, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1987, Laetoli: a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain. :4, p. - 163, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. M. Harris, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of pliocene and Pleistocene Localities West of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 399:4, p. 1 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

C. Badgley, G. Qi, W. Chen, D. Han 1988, Paleoecology of a Miocene, tropical, upland fauna: Lufeng, China. National Geographic Research. 4:2, p. 178 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

M. Pickford, G. Qi, W. Chen, D. Han 1988, Geology and fauna of the middle Miocene hominoid site at Muruyur,Baringo District,Kenya. Human Evolution. 3:5, p. 381 - 390, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. M. Harris, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of pliocene and Pleistocene Localities West of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 399:5, p. 1 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

W. Huang, F. Song, X. Guo, D. Chen 1988, First discovery of Megalovis guangxiensis and Alligator cf. sinensis in Guangdong. Vertebrata PalAsiatica = Gujizhui Dongwu Xuebao. 26:3, p. 227 - 231, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

J. M. Harris, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of pliocene and Pleistocene Localities West of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 399:3, p. 1 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

B. Grønnow, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Prehistory in permafrost. Journal of Danish Archaeology. 7:3, p. 24 - 39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

A. J. Winkler, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, The Neogene rodent succession of the Baringo Basin, Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 8:3,Suppl., p. 29A. - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

D. Chen, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Guangdong Luoding zhong gengxinshi buru dongwu huashi de faxian ji qi yiyi (The discovery of Pleistocene mammalian fossils in Luoding Guangdong and their significance). Jinian Mabaren huashi faxian sanshi zhounian wenji (Treatises in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the discovery of Maba Human Cranium. :3,Suppl., p. 67 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

L. de Bonis, G. Bouvrain, G. D. Koufos 1988, Late Miocene mammal localities of the lower Axios valley (Macedonia, Greece) and their stratigraphic significance. Modern Geology. 13:3,Suppl., p. 141 - 147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

Y. Vervoort-Kerkhoff, T. van Kolfschoten, G. D. Koufos 1988, Pleistocene and Holocene mammalian faunas from the Maasvlakete near Rotterdam (The Netherlands). Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol. 25:1, p. 87 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1989, Stratigraphic Context of Fossil hominids from the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 78:1, p. 595 - 622, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

B. R. Benefit, M. L. McCrossin, I. McDougall 1989, New primate fossils from the Middle Miocene of Maboko Island, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution. 18:1, p. 493 - 497, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/282710a0

A. P. Belperio, D. G. Fotheringham, I. McDougall 1990, Geological setting of two Quaternary footprint sites, western South Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 37:1, p. 37 - 42, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

N. T. Boaz, D. G. Fotheringham, I. McDougall 1990, Evolution of environments and Hominidae in the African Western Rift Valley. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memior. 1:i-xii, p. 1 - 356, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

W. Van Neer, D. G. Fotheringham, I. McDougall 1990, Les faunes de vertebres quaternaires en Afrique centrale. Paysages quat. de Afrique centrale atlantique,R.Lanfranchi(ed),Paris. :i-xii, p. 195 - 220, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. Verniers, J. DeHeinzelin, I. McDougall 1990, Stratigraphy and geological history of the upper Semliki:a preliminary report. Virgia Museum of Natural History Memior. 1:i-xii, p. 17 - 39, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

N. T. Boaz, J. DeHeinzelin, I. McDougall 1990, Evolution of environments and Hominidae in the African Western Rift Valley. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memior. 1:i-xii, p. 1 - 356, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

R. G. Roberts, J. DeHeinzelin, I. McDougall 1990, Thermoluminescence dating of a 50,000-year-old human occupation site in northern Australia. Nature. 345:6271, p. 153 - 156, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

P. V. Tobias, J. DeHeinzelin, I. McDougall 1991, Olduvai Gorge, Parts I-Iv: The Skulls, Endocasts, and Teeth of Homo Habilis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4:6271, p. - 156, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. Bon, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1991, I giacimenti Quaternari di vertebrati fossili nell'Italia Nord-Orientale. Memorie degli Instituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell'Universita di Padova. 47:6271, p. 185 - 231, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. W. Steadman, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1991, Extinct and extirpated birds from Aitutaki and Atiu, southern Cook Islands. Pacific Science. 45:6271, p. 325 - 347, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

P. V. Tobias, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1991, Olduvai Gorge, Parts I-Iv: The Skulls, Endocasts, and Teeth of Homo Habilis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4:6271, p. - 347, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, T. P. Volman 1991, Dating, Archaeology and Human Fossils from the Middle Stone Age Levels of Die Kelders, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 21:6271, p. 363 - 395, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. M. Harris, R. G. Klein, T. P. Volman 1991, Family Bovidae. Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Ungulates: Geology, Fossil Artiodactyls, and Palaeoenvironments. 3:6271, p. 139 - 320, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

R. M. West, J. H. Hutchison, J. Munthe 1991, Miocene vertebrates from the Siwalik Group, Western Nepal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 11:1, p. 108 - 129, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

C. S. Feibel, F. H. Brown, J. Munthe 1991, Age of the primate-bearing deposits on Maboko Island, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution. 21:1, p. 221 - 225, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

L. G. Marshall, T. Sempere, J. Munthe 1991, The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review. Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - Vol. 1 Vertebrados (Revista Ténica de YPFB). 12:3-4, p. 631 - 652, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

R. G. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. B. Beaumont 1991, Environmental, Ecological and Paleoanthropological Implications of the Late Pleistocene Mammalian Fauna from Equus Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Quaternary Research. 36:3-4, p. 94 - 119, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. Geraads, F. Amani, J. J. Hublin 1992, Le gisement pleistocene moyen de L'Ain Maarouf pres de El Hajeb, Maroc: presence d'un hominide. Comptes Rendues de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie II. 314:3-4, p. 319 - 323, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. Fleagle, T. Bown, D. Rasmussen 1992, Fejej, Southern Ethiopia. Research and Exploration. 8:1, p. 119 - 120, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. L. McCrossin, T. Bown, D. Rasmussen 1992, New species of bushbaby from the Middle Miocene of Maboko Island, Kenya. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 89:1, p. 215 - 233, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G.C. Conroy, M. Pickfordi, B. Senut, J. van Couvering, P. Mein 1992, Otavipithecus namibiensis, first Miocene hominoid from southern Africa. Nature. 356:1, p. 144 - 148, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. Pickford, M. Pickfordi, B. Senut, J. van Couvering, P. Mein 1992, Evidence for an arid climate in western Uganda during the middle Miocene. Comptes Rendus Acad. des Sci.,serie II. 315:11, p. 1419 - 1424, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

I. O. Nengo, T. C. Rae, D. Rasmussen 1992, New hominoid fossils from the early Miocene site of Songhor, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution. 23:5, p. 423 - 429, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. Pickford, T. C. Rae, D. Rasmussen 1992, Evidence for an arid climate in western Uganda during the middle Miocene. Comptes Rendus Acad. des Sci.,serie II. 315:11, p. 1419 - 1424, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

F. E. Grine, R.G. Klein, D. Rasmussen 1993, Late Pleisticene Humans Remains from the Sea Harvest Site, Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Wetenskap. 89:11, p. 145 - 152, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

C. K. Brain, R.G. Klein, D. Rasmussen 1993, Swartkrans: A Cave's Chronicle of Early Man. Transvaal Museum Monograph Transvaal Museum. Pretoria. 8:11, p. - 152, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

F. Amani, D. Geraads, D. Rasmussen 1993, The Mousterian site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco: new data on the fauna and biochronology, and description of a new human fossil. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris Serie II. 316:11, p. 847 - 852, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

T. D. White, G. Suwa, B. Asfaw 1994, Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature. 371:11, p. 306 - 312, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

K. Coffing, C. Feibel, M. Leakey, A. Walker 1994, Four-million-year-old hominids from East Lake Turkana, Kenya. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 93:11, p. 55 - 65, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. H. Schwartz, T. H. Vu, L. C. Nguyen, K. T. Le, I. Tattersall 1994, A diverse hominoid fauna from the late middle Pleistocene breccia cave of Tham Khuyen, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History. 73:11, p. 1 - 11, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

C. K. Brain, T. H. Vu, L. C. Nguyen, K. T. Le, I. Tattersall 1994, The Swartkrans Palaeontological Research Project in perspective: results and conclusions. South African Journal of Science. 90:11, p. 220 - 223, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

W. H. Kimbel, D.C. Johanson, Y. Rak 1994, The First Skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis at Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature. 368:11, p. 449 - 451, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. D. Leakey, D. A. Roe, L. C. Nguyen, K. T. Le, I. Tattersall 1994, Olduvai Gorge: Excavations in Beds III, IV, and the Masek Beds, 1968-71. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 5:11, p. - 11, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. H. Schwartz, V. T. Long, N. L. Cuong, L. T. Kha, I. Tattersall 1995, A review of the Pleistocene hominoid fauna of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (excluding Hylobatidae). Anthropological Paper of the American Museum of Natural History. 76:11, p. 1 - 23, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

E. Tamrat, M. Thouveny, M. Taieb, N. D. Opdyke 1995, Revised magnetostratigraphy of the Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary sequency of the Olduvai Formation (Tanzania). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 114:11, p. 273 - 283, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. Brunet, A. Beauvilain, Y. Coppens, E. Heintz, A. H. E. Moutaye, D. Pilbeam 1995, The first australopithecine 2500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature. 378:11, p. 273 - 275, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

T. G. Bromage, F. Schrenk, Y. M. Juwayeyi 1995, Paleobiogeography of the Malawi Rift: Age and vertebrate paleontology of the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi. Journal of Human Evolution. 28:11, p. 37 - 57, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

A. S. Brooks, D. Helgren, J. Cramer, A. Franklin, W. Hornyak, J. Keating, , R. G. Klein, W. J. Rink, H. Schwarcz, J. N. Smith 1995, Dating and context of three Middle Stone Age sites with bone points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Science. 268:5210, p. 548 - 553, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. Suwa, T. D. White, F. Clark Howell 1996, Mandibular postcanine dentition from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia: Crown morphology, taxonomic allocations and Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 101:5210, p. 247 - 282, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

N. E. Todd, T. D. White, F. Clark Howell 1996, Dissertation, personal communication. . :5210, p. - 282, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. G. Leakey, C. Feibel, F. Clark Howell 1996, Lothagam: a record of faunal change in the late Miocene of East Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 16:3, p. 556 - 570, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

R. Ciochon, V. T. Long, R. Larick, L. González, R. Grün, J. De Vos, C. Yonge, L. Taylor, H. Yoshida, M. Regan 1996, Dated co-occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. 93:3, p. 3016 - 3020, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. L. Isaac, T. D. White, F. Clark Howell 1997, Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 5 Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. . :3, p. - 282, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

L. Bobe, M. Mabela, F. Clark Howell 1997, Incidence of four gastrointestinal parasite worms in group of cricetomas,Lukaya-Democratic Republic of Congo. Tropicultura. 15:3, p. 132 - 135, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. L. Isaac, M. Mabela, F. Clark Howell 1997, Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 5 Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. . :3, p. - 135, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. Suwa, B. Aswfaw, Y. Beyene, T. White, S. Katoh, S. Nagaoka, H. Nakaya, K. Uzawa, P. Renne, G. WoldeGabriel 1997, The first skull of Australopithecus boisei. Nature. 389:6650, p. 489 - 492, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. L. Isaac, B. Aswfaw, Y. Beyene, T. White, S. Katoh, S. Nagaoka, H. Nakaya, K. Uzawa, P. Renne, G. WoldeGabriel 1997, Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 5 Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. . :6650, p. - 492, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

H. T. Bunn, B. Aswfaw, Y. Beyene, T. White, S. Katoh, S. Nagaoka, H. Nakaya, K. Uzawa, P. Renne, G. WoldeGabriel 1997, The bone assemblages from the excavated sites. Koobi Fora Research Project: Plio-Pleistoene Archaeology. 5:6650, p. 402 - 458, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

T. J. Green, B. Cochran, T. W. Fenton, J. C. Woods, G. L. Titmus, L. Tieszen, M. A. Davis, S. J. Miller 1998, The Buhl burial: A Paleoindian woman from southern Idaho. American Antiquity. 63:3, p. 437 - 456, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. D. van den Bergh, B. Cochran, T. W. Fenton, J. C. Woods, G. L. Titmus, L. Tieszen, M. A. Davis, S. J. Miller 1999, The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications. A study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line. Scripta Geologica. 117:3, p. 1 - 419, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. W. Steadman, B. Cochran, T. W. Fenton, J. C. Woods, G. L. Titmus, L. Tieszen, M. A. Davis, S. J. Miller 1999, The prehistory of vertebrates, especially birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31:3, p. 319 - 345, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. de Heinzelin, J. Clark, T. White, W. Hart, P. Renne, G. WoldeGabriel, Y. Beyene, E. Vrba 1999, Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids. Science. 284:3, p. 625 - 629, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

O. Kullmar, O. Sandrock, R. Abel, F. Schrenk, T. Bromage, Y. Juwayeyi 1999, The first Paranthropus from the Malawi Rift. Journal of Human Evolution. 37:3, p. 121 - 127, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

A. Delagnes, J.-F. Tournepiche, D. Armand, E. Desclaux, M.-F. Diot, C. Ferrier, V. Le Fillatre, B. Vandermeersch 1999, Le gisement Pleistocene moyen et superieur d'Artenac (Saint-Mary, Charent): premier bilan interdisciplinaire. Bulletin de la Societe Prehistorique Francaise. 96:4, p. 469 - 496, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. W. Steadman, J.-F. Tournepiche, D. Armand, E. Desclaux, M.-F. Diot, C. Ferrier, V. Le Fillatre, B. Vandermeersch 1999, The prehistory of vertebrates, especially birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31:4, p. 319 - 345, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. D. van den Bergh, J.-F. Tournepiche, D. Armand, E. Desclaux, M.-F. Diot, C. Ferrier, V. Le Fillatre, B. Vandermeersch 1999, The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications. A study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line. Scripta Geologica. 117:4, p. 1 - 419, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. C. Diez, Y. Fernandez-Jalvo, J. Rosell, I. Caceres 1999, Zooarchaeology and taphonomy of Aurora Stratum (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution. 37:4, p. 623 - 652, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. W. Steadman, Y. Fernandez-Jalvo, J. Rosell, I. Caceres 1999, The prehistory of vertebrates, especially birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31:4, p. 319 - 345, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

W. von Koenigswald, W.-D. Heinrich, J. Rosell, I. Caceres 1999, Mittelpleistozane Saugetierfaunen aus Mitteleuropa - der Versuch einer biostratigraphischen Zuordnung. Kaupia. 9:4, p. 53 - 112, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. D. van den Bergh, W.-D. Heinrich, J. Rosell, I. Caceres 1999, The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications. A study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line. Scripta Geologica. 117:4, p. 1 - 419, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. W. Steadman, W.-D. Heinrich, J. Rosell, I. Caceres 1999, The prehistory of vertebrates, especially birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31:4, p. 319 - 345, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

R. G. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, J. Rosell, I. Caceres 2000, Middle and later Stone Age large mammal and tortoise remains from Die Kelders Cave 1, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 38:4, p. 169 - 195, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. D. Stynder, J. Moggi-Cecchi, L. R. Berger, J. E. Parkington 2001, Human mandibular incisors from the late Middle Pleistocene locality of Hoedjiespunt 1, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 41:4, p. 369 - 383, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

C. S. Henshilwood, J. C. Sealy, R. Yates, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. Goldberg, F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, C. Poggenpoel, K. van Niekerk, I. Watts 2001, Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa: Preliminary Report on the 1992–1999 Excavations of the Middle Stone Age Levels. Journal of Archaeological Science. 28:4, p. 421 - 448, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

Y. Haile-Selassie, J. C. Sealy, R. Yates, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. Goldberg, F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, C. Poggenpoel, K. van Niekerk, I. Watts 2001, Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature. 412:4, p. 178 - 181, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. I. Weisler, J. C. Sealy, R. Yates, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. Goldberg, F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, C. Poggenpoel, K. van Niekerk, I. Watts 2001, Life on the edge: prehistoric settlement and economy on Utrōk Atoll, northern Marshall Islands. Archaeology in Oceania. 36:4, p. 109 - 133, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

D. Geraads, J. C. Sealy, R. Yates, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. Goldberg, F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, C. Poggenpoel, K. van Niekerk, I. Watts 2002, Plio-Pleistocene mammalian biostratigraphy of Atlantic Morocco. Quaternaire. 13:1, p. 43 - 53, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. Brunet, F. Guy, D. Pilbeam, H. T. Mackaye, A. Likius, D. Ahounta, A. Beauvilain, C. Blondel, H. Bocherens, J.-R. Boisserie, L. De Bonis, Y. Coppens, J. Dejax, C. Denys, P. Duringer, V. Eisenmann, G. Fanone, P. Fronty, D. Geraads, T. Lehmann, F. Lihoreau, A. Louchart 2002, A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature. 418:1, p. 145 - 151, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

L. Gabounia, M.-A. de Lumley, A. Vekua, D. Lordkipanidze, H. de Lumley 2002, Découverte d'un nouvel hominidé à Dmanissi (Transcaucasie, Géorgie). Comptes Rendus Palevol. 1:4, p. 243 - 253, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

G. Suwa, H. Nakaya, B. Asfaw, H. Saegusa, A. Amzaye, R. T. Kono, Y. Beyene, S. Katoh 2003, Plio-Pleistocene terrestrial mammal assemblage from Konso, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23:4, p. 901 - 916, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

K. Harvati, E. Panagopoulou, P. Karkanas 2003, First Neanderthal remains from Greece: the evidence from Lakonis. Journal of Human Evolution. 45:4, p. 465 - 473, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

J. D. Clark, Y. Beyene, G. WoldeGabriel, W. K. Hart, P. R. Renne, H. Gilbert, A. Defleur, G. Suwa, S. Katoh, K. R. Ludwig, J.-R. Boisserie, B. Asfaw, T. D. White 2003, Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature. 423:4, p. 747 - 752, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. G. Leakey, J. M. Harris, B. Asfaw, H. Saegusa, A. Amzaye, R. T. Kono, Y. Beyene, S. Katoh 2003, Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa. Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa. :4, p. 678 - 916, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

Y. Chaimanee, V. Suteethorn, P. Jintasakul, C. Vidthayanon, B. Marandat, J.-J. Jaeger 2004, A new orang-utan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand. Nature. 427:4, p. 439 - 441, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

P. K. Basu, V. Suteethorn, P. Jintasakul, C. Vidthayanon, B. Marandat, J.-J. Jaeger 2004, Siwalik mammals of the Jammu Sub-Himalaya, India: an appraisal of their diversity and habitats.. Quaternary International. 117:4, p. 105 - 118, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

M. J. Morwood, R. P. Soejono, R. G. Roberts, T. Sutikna, C. S. M. Turney, K. E. Westaway, W. J. Rink, J.-x. Zhao, G. D. van den Bergh, Rokus Awe Due, D. R. Hobbs, M. W. Moore, M. I. Bird, L. K. Fifield 2004, Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia. Nature. 431:4, p. 1087 - 1091, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

R. L. Bernor, L. Kordos, L. Rook et al. 2004, Recent Advances on Multidisciplinary Research at Rudabánya, Late Miocene (MN9), Hungary: a compendium. Palaeontographia Italica. 89:4, p. 3 - 36, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

R. Potts, A. K. Behrensmeyer, A. Deino, P. Ditchfield, J. Clark 2004, Small mid-Pleistocene hominin associated with East African Acheulean technology. Science. 305:4, p. 75 - 78, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903

S. Moyà-Solà, M. Köhler, D. M. Alba, I. Casanovas-Vilar, J. Galindo 2004, Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a new Middle Miocene great ape from Spain. Science. 306:4, p. 1339 - 1344, DOI: 10.1126/science.1103094

M. J. Morwood, P. Brown, . Jatmiko, T. Sutikna, E. Wahyu Saptomo, K. E. Westaway, Rokus Awe Due, R. G. Roberts, T. Maeda, S. Wasisto, T. Djubiantono 2005, Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. . 437:4, p. 1012 - 1017, DOI: 10.1126/science.1103094

N. Reynaud Savioz, P. Morel, . Jatmiko, T. Sutikna, E. Wahyu Saptomo, K. E. Westaway, Rokus Awe Due, R. G. Roberts, T. Maeda, S. Wasisto, T. Djubiantono 2005, La faune de Nadaouiyeh Aïn Askar (Syrie centrale, Pléistocène moyen): aperçu et perspectives. Revue de Paléobiologie. 10:4, p. 31 - 35, DOI: 10.1126/science.1103094

J. G. Wynn, Z. Alemseged, R. Bobe, D. Geraads, D. Reed, D. C. Roman 2006, Geological and palaeontological context of a Pliocene juvenile hominin at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature. 443:4, p. 332 - 336, DOI: 10.1126/science.1103094

F. Spoor, M. G. Leakey, P. N. Gathogo, F. H. Brown, S. C. Antón, I. McDougall, C. Kiarie, F. K. Manthi, L. N. Leakey 2007, Implications of new early Homo fossils from Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Nature. 448:4, p. 688 - 691, DOI: 10.1126/science.1103094

F. E. Grine, R. M. Bailey, K. Harvati, R. P. Nathan, A. G. Morris, G. M. Henderson, I. Ribot, A. W. G. Pike 2007, Late Pleistocene human skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa, and modern human origins. Science. 315:4, p. 226 - 229, DOI: 10.1126/science.1103094

E.S. Gulec, A. Sevim, C. Pehlevan, F. Kaya 2007, A new great ape from the late Miocene of Turkey. Anthropological Science. 115:4, p. 153 - 158, DOI: 10.1537/ase.070501

P. C. Sereno, E. A. A. Garcea, H. Jousse, C. M. Stojanowski, J.-F. Saliège, A. Maga, O. A. Ide, K. J. Knudson, A. M. Mercuri, T. W. Stafford, Jr., T. G. Kaye, C. Giraudi, I. Massamba N'siala, E. Cocca, H. M. Moots, D. B. Dutheil, J. P. Stivers 2008, Lakeside cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 years of Holocene population and environmental change. PLoS ONE. 3:8, p. e2995 - 158, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002995

C. Z. Jin, D. G. Qin, W. S. Pan, Z. L. Tang, J. Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. L. Deng, Y. Q. Zhang, W. Dong, H. W. Tong 2008, A newly discovered Gigantopithecus fauna from Sanhe Cave, Chongzuo, Guangxi, South China. Chinese Sciene Bulletin. 54:8, p. 1 - 10, DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0531-y

W. Liu, X. Wu, S. Pei, X. Wu, C. J. Norton 2009, Huanglong Cave: A Late Pleistocene human fossil site in Hubei Province, China. Quaternary International. :8, p. - 10, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017

W. Wang, X. Wu, S. Pei, X. Wu, C. J. Norton 2009, New discoveries of Gigantopithecus blacki teeth from Chuifeng Cave in the Bubing Basin, Guangxi, south China. Journal of Human Evolution. 57:3, p. 229 - 240, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017

R. S. Feranec, X. Wu, S. Pei, X. Wu, C. J. Norton 2009, Implications of radiocarbon dates from Potter Creek Cave, Shasta County, California, USA. Radiocarbon. 51:3, p. 931 - 936, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017

L. R. Berger, D. J. de Ruiter, S. E. Churchill, P. Schmid, K. J. Carlson, P. H. G. M. Dirks, J. M. Kibii 2010, Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like australopith from South Africa. Science. 328:3, p. 195 - 204, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017

Y. Haile-Selassie, B. Saylor, A. Deino, M. Alene, B. Latimer 2010, An early Australopithecus afarensis postcranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia. . . 141:3, p. 406 - 417, DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21159

E. Campmas, V. Laroulandie, P. Michel, F. Amani, R. Nespoulet, A. E. H. Mohammed 2010, . Birds in Archaeology: Proceedings of the 6th Meeting of the Icaz Bird Working Group Meetings. :3, p. 233 - 240, DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21159

J. Sawada, N. K. Thuy, N. A. Tuan 2011, Faunal remains at Man Bac. Terra Australis. 33:3, p. 105 - 116, DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21159

J.-J. Jaeger, A. N. Soe, O. Chavasseau, P. Coster, E.-G. Emonet, F. Guy, R. Lebrun, A. A. Maung, H. Shwe, S. T. Tun, K. L. Oo, M. Rugbumrung, H. Bocherens, M. Benammi, K. Chaivanich, P. Tafforeau, Y. Chaimanee 2011, First Hominoid from the Late Miocene of the Irrawaddy Formation (Myanmar). PLoS One. 6:4, p. 1 - 14, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017065

A. M. Oliveira, A. N. Soe, O. Chavasseau, P. Coster, E.-G. Emonet, F. Guy, R. Lebrun, A. A. Maung, H. Shwe, S. T. Tun, K. L. Oo, M. Rugbumrung, H. Bocherens, M. Benammi, K. Chaivanich, P. Tafforeau, Y. Chaimanee 2013, Paleofauna de vertebrados, com ênfase em répteis e mamíferos, dos depósitos quartenários da região da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. :4, p. - 14, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017065

T. E. Steele, R. G. Klein, O. Chavasseau, P. Coster, E.-G. Emonet, F. Guy, R. Lebrun, A. A. Maung, H. Shwe, S. T. Tun, K. L. Oo, M. Rugbumrung, H. Bocherens, M. Benammi, K. Chaivanich, P. Tafforeau, Y. Chaimanee 2013, The Middle and Later Stone Age faunal remains from Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science. :4, p. - 14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.01.001

K. Harvati, A. Darlas, S. E. Bailey, T. R. Rein, S. El Zaatari, L. Fiorenza, O. Kullmer, E. Psathi 2013, New Neanderthal remains from Mani peninsula, Southern Greece: The Kalamakia Middle Paleolithic cave site. Journal of Human Evolution. 64:6, p. 486 - 499, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.002

W. Dong, X.-P. Ji, N. G. Jablonksi, D. F. Su, W.-Q. Li 2014, New materials of the Late Miocene Muntiacus from Zhaotong hominoid site in southern China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 52:6, p. 316 - 327, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.002

F. J. Prevosti, M. A. Ramírez, M. Schiaffini, F. Martin, D. E. Udrizar Sauthier, M. Carrera, C. Sillero-Zubiri, U. F. J. Pardiñas 2015, Extinctions in near time: new radiocarbon dates point to a very recent disappearance of the South American fox Dusicyon avus (Carnivora: Canidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 116:3, p. 704 - 720, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12625

Y. Haile-Selassie, L. Gilbert, S.M. Melillo, T.M. Ryan, M. Alene, A. Deino, N.E. Levin, G. Scott B.Z. Saylor 2015, New species from Ethiopia further expands Middle Pliocene hominin diversity. Nature. 521:3, p. 483 - 488, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12625

J. W. Adams, D. S. Rovinsky, A. I. R. Herries, C. G. Menter 2016, Macromammalian faunas, biochronology and palaeoecology of the early Pleistocene Main Quarry hominin-bearing deposits of the Drimolen Palaeocave System, South Africa. PeerJ. 4:e1941, p. 1 - 45, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.194

B. K. McHorse, E. B. Davis, E. Scott, D. L. Jenkins 2016, What species of horse was coeval with North America's earliest humans in the Paisley Caves?. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36:6, p. 1 - 5, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1214595

E. Mbau, S. Kusaka, E. Scott, D. L. Jenkins 2016, Kantis: A new Australopithecus site on the shoulders of the Rift Valley near Nairobi, Kenya. . 94:6, p. 28 - 44, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.006

S. T. Turvey, J. Almonte, J. Hansford, R. P. Scofield, J. L. Brocca, S. D. Chapman 2017, A new species of extinct Late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola. Zootaxa. 4277:1, p. 1 - 16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.1.1

Y. Zhang, T. Harrison, J. Hansford, R. P. Scofield, J. L. Brocca, S. D. Chapman 2017, \r\nGigantopithecus blacki: a giant ape from the Pleistocene of Asia revisited. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 162:1, p. 153 - 177, DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23150

D. J. Scager, H.-J. Ahrens, F. E. Dieleman, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, J. de Vos, J. W. F. Reumer 2017, The Kor & Bot collection revisited, with a biostratigraphic interpretation of the Early Pleistocene Oosterschelde Fauna (Oosterschelde Estuary, the Netherlands). Deinsea. 17:1, p. 16 - 31, DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23150

J.-J. Hublin, A. Ben-Ncer, S. E. Bailey, S. E. Freidline, S. Neubauer, M. M. Skinner, I. Bergmann, A. Le Cabec, S. Benazzi, K. Harvati, P. Gunz 2017, New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens. Nature. 546:1, p. 289 - 292, DOI: 10.1038/nature22336

M. Böhme, N. Spassov, M. Ebner, D. Geraads, L. Hristova, U. Kirscher, S. Kötter, U. Linnemann, J. Prieto, S. Roussiakis, G. Theodorou, G. Uhlig, M. Winklhofer 2017, Messinian age and savannah environment of the possible hominin Graecopithecus from Europe\r\n. PLoS One. 12:5, p. - 16, DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0177347

S. R. Stinnesbeck, W. Stinnesbeck, E. Frey, J. Avilés Olguín, C. Rojas Sandoval, A. Velázquez Morlet, A. H. González 2018, Panthera balamoides and other Pleistocene felids from the submerged caves of Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Historical Biology. 32:7, p. 930 - 939, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2018.1556649

D. Alba, I. Casanovas-Vilar, M. Furio, I. Garcia-Paredes, C. Angelone, S. Jovells-Vaque, A. H. Lujan, S. Almecija, S. Moya-Sola 2018, Can Pallars i Llobateres: A new hominoid-bearing locality from the late Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula). Journal of Human Evolution. :7, p. 1 - 11, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.008

M. Bohme, N. Spassov, J. Fuss, A. Troscher, A. S. Deane, J. Prieto, T. Lechner, D. R. Begun 2019, A new Miocene ape and locomotion in the ancestor of great apes and humans. Nature. :7, p. 1 - 18, DOI: 0.1038/s41586-019-1731-0

K. Harvati, C. Roding, A. M. Bosman, F. A. Karakostis, R. Grün, C. Stringer, P. Karkanas, N. C. Thompson, V. Koutoulidis, L. A. Moulopoulos, V. G. Gorgoulis, M. Kouloukoussa 2019, Apidima Cave fossils provide earliestevidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia. Nature. 571:7, p. 500 - 504, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z

I. Boneta Jiménez, J. L. Cardoso, A. Pérez-García 2023, The turtles from the middle Paleolithic site of Gruta Nova da Columbeira (Bombarral, Portugal): Update through an archaeozoological perspective. The Anatomical Record. :7, p. 1 - 15, DOI: 10.1002/ar.25229

Hominidae

Die Familie Hominidae ist eine Primatenfamilie innerhalb der Überfamilie Hominoidea (Höhere Primaten).

Ostasien

Systematik

Literatur