Hominidae

Hominidae ist der Familienname von 131 Primaten, die ab dem frühen vor bis lebten. Viele Überreste wurden in China gefunden.

Die Familie Hominidae ist eine Primatenfamilie innerhalb der Überfamilie Hominoidea (Höhere Primaten).

Die Familie hatte bis vor geraumer nur Homo sapiens als einziges Mitglied; die großen Menschenaffen zählte man zur Familie Pongidae. Neue Forschungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass die Beziehung zwischen Menschen und Schimpansen so eng ist, dass die Familie Hominidae neu definiert werden mußte (Groves, 2005).

Fundorte

Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz

Die bislang ältesten aufrecht gehenden Hominiden (Sahelanthropus aus dem Tschad, Orrorin aus Kenia und Ardipithecus aus Äthiopien) erscheinen im späten Miozän in Nord- und Ostafrika vor 5 bis 7 Millionen Jahren. Wahrscheinlich entwickelte sich aus Ardipithecus im Pliozän vor etwa 4 Millionen Jahren Australopithecus, der nach heutiger Kenntnis der direkte Vorfahr von Homo ist (Semaw et al., 2005; White et al., 2006).

Steckbrief

Die Welt zur Zeit von Hominidae
Landmassenverteilung im Holozän Bild: Ron Blakely
Ernährung/Lebensraum
Basierend auf den Fossilien glaubt man, dass die Familie Hominidae Allesfresser (omnivor) waren. Ihr Leben verbrachen die Tiere vermutlich auf dem Boden, wo sie auch ihre Nahrung fanden.
* Daten nach Badgley et al., 1988
Verbreitung:	Ostasien China

Physiologie
Gewicht:	?
Schwestertaxa
Eucatarrhini †Nyanzapithecinae Hominoidea †Kamoyapithecus †Kogolepithecus †Dendropithecoidea †Saadanioidea †Propliopithecoidea †Propliopithecidae †Pliopithecoidea †Kalepithecus †Pliobates Cercopithecoidea

© gautsch. / Flickr — Zwei Vertreter der taxonomischen Familie Hominidae: Orang-Utan und Menschenfrau

gautsch. / Flickr

In Ostafrika tauchen vor 2,6 Millionen Jahren die ältesten Werkzeuge und Schnittspuren auf Knochen auf, die nur etwas älter sind, als die ältesten bekannten Fossilien von Homo, Nachkomme des Australopithecus vor etwa 2,2 bis 2,4 Millionen Jahren (Semaw et al. 2003).

Systematik

Hominoidea
- Hominidae
  - Homininae
    - Gorillini
    - Hominini
      - †Australopithecus
        †Australopithecus afarensis
        †Australopithecus anamensis
        †Australopithecus sediba
        †Australopithecus deyiremeda
        †Australopithecus garhi
        †Australopithecus africanus
      - †Ardipithecus
        †Ardipithecus ramidus
        †Ardipithecus kadabba
      - Homo
        †Homo naledi
        †Homo rhodesiensis
        †Homo rudolfensis
        †Homo heidelbergensis
        †Homo neanderthalensis
        †Homo georgicus
        †Homo floresiensis
        †Homo habilis
        †Homo antecessor
        †Homo erectus
        †Homo njarasensis
        Homo sapiens
        Homo_sapiens_americanus
        Homo_sapiens_ferus
        † Homo_sapiens_idaltu
        Homo_sapiens_monstrosus
        Homo_sapiens_europaeus
        Homo_sapiens_asiaticus
        Homo_sapiens_afer
        †Kenyanthropus platyops
        †Homo helmei
      - †Sahelanthropus
        †Sahelanthropus tchadensis
      - Panina
        Pan
        Pan_troglodytes
        Pan_paniscus
    - †Graecopithecini
      - †Graecopithecus
        †Graecopithecus freybergi
        †Ouranopithecus turkae
        †Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
    - †Dryopithecini
      - †Dryopithecus
        †Dryopithecus (Rangwapithecus)
        †Dryopithecus mogharensis
        †Dryopithecus chinjiensis
        †Dryopithecus fontani
  - Presbytina
  - †Danuvius
    - †Danuvius guggenmosi
  - Cercopithecina
  - †Preanthropinae
    - †Praeanthropus
  - Hominina
    - †Paranthropus
  - Gorilla
    - Gorilla beringei
    - Gorilla gorilla
  - †Oreopithecus
    - †Oreopithecus bambolii
  - Ponginae
    - †Khoratpithecus
    - †Sivapithecini
    - †Hispanopithecini
      - †Hispanopithecus
        †Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus)
        † Hispanopithecus_(Hispanopithecus)_hungaricus
        † Hispanopithecus_(Hispanopithecus)_crusafonti
        † Hispanopithecus_(Hispanopithecus)_laietanus
    - Pongini
      - Pongo
        Pongo tapanuliensis
        Pongo abelii
        †Pongo hooijeri
        Pongo pygmaeus
    - †Lufengpithecini
  - †Lufengpithecus
    - †Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis
    - †Lufengpithecus lufengensis
  - Simiina
  - †Pierolapithecus
    - †Pierolapithecus catalaunicus
  - †Australopithecinae
  - †Dryopithecinae

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Hominidae

Die Familie Hominidae ist eine Primatenfamilie innerhalb der Überfamilie Hominoidea (Höhere Primaten).

Ostasien

Systematik

Literatur