Homo sapiens (Hominidae)
Homo sapiens ist eine Primatenart innerhalb der Familie Hominidae, die ab dem Pliozän lebten, das vor rund 5,333 Millionen Jahren begann und bis vor vor 2,588 Millionen Jahren andauerte.
Fundorte
Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz
Daten zu den einzelnen Funden von Homo sapiens
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Wajak Cave Mammal Fauna | From the Wajak (Wadjak) Cave site discovered in 1888 south of Kediri in East Java. The site has since been destroyed by local marble mining industry. Lat/Long Given for the town of Kediri. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie |
| The age of the Wajak site is very poorly constrained and given as "post-Pleistocene" and "Mesolithic." | "Cave breccia" | This was the first attempt to describe the entire mammal fauna of the Wajak Cave. Earlier reports listed on the human remains, and some of the species (e.g. tigers). |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Border cave | Border Cave, Ingwavuma District, KwaZulu, South Africa | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
Third White Ash |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | |||
| Third White Ash, M.S.A. |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| West Turkana - Eliye Springs | western shore of Lake Turkana | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 136, Eliye Springs, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . | ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: also sand |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalemba Rock-Shelter | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 673, Kalemba Rock-Shelter, | ||
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: >35000 BC on bone apatite; 1835 +- 70 AD on beans from pot radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: granite rock-shelter; layers of soil and stone (granite); deep colluvial deposits near site | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Otolemur crassicaudatus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mugharet el 'Aliya | in cliffs of Cape Ashakar; in Gres de Rabat; High Cave; Tangier | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 675, Mugharet el 'Aliya, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max age based on comparisons with dated sites; 2 C14 dates 625 and 2340 bp on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: medium grained sand with pebbles and finer materials; yellow and grey in color |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kom Ombo GS 3 | Gabal Silsila 3; in Nile Valley | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Gabal Silsila | ETE Locality 707, Kom Ombo GS 3, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 6615000-10500 BC; age based on dates for the Gabal Silsila Formation radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: Nile silts and sands |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kom Ombo Oasis | in Nile Valley | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Gabal Silsila | ETE Locality 710, Kom Ombo Oasis, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 6615000-10500 BC; age based on dates for the Gabal Silsila Formation radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: Nile silts and sands |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Makwe Rock Shelter | in Katete District, in Little Makwe Kopje; includes domestic animals | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 713, Makwe Rock Shelter, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: on charcoal; dates range from 750 AD +-80 to 3480 BC +- 140 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: rocky kopje of qurtzofeldspathic rock | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Galago senegalensis | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black Earth Cave | Cape Province | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 739, Black Earth Cave, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: stratigraphy places site between Powerhouse Cave and Witkrans MSA; MSA deposits radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: red and black streaked clay; black earth; various limestones |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Die Kelders | pair of caves on SW coast of South Africa | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 771, Die Kelders | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max age at least 40000 years, 40000 year based on fauna, artifacts and sediments, C14 on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: limestone cave with quartzite deposits; between Table Mountain Sandstone and Bredasdorp Formation | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Awash - Bodo mbr. | Lat/long assigned from Bodo D'Ar. | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
Wehaietu | ETE Locality 998, Middle Awash - Bodo mbr., |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: composite, ETE age comment: Fauna is comp to Olduvai above the Lemuta mbr. Min age = 8955 y BP (C14 date from Gewani) radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: "sands, conglomerates, silts, clays, and tuffs" | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio hamadryas | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "KomOmbo-GSIII,Lev3" | N of Plain | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Gebel Silsila-YCS | ETE Locality 1344, "Gebel Silsila III, Level 3", "Gabal Silsila III, Level 3", "KomOmbo-GSIII,Lev3", |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: From Sebekian Assemblage radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: calcitic, ETE lithology comments: sand&silt mixed |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| GS Area 2A+2B | E of Silsila Station | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 1378, Gebel Silsila 2A+2B, Gabal Silsila 2A+2B, GS Area 2A+2B, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: No radiocarbon determinations radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doornfontein 1 | in the Postmasburg District of the Northern Cape | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 715, Doornfontein 1, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 391120 +- 40; 130 +-80; dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: fine red, ETE lithology comments: ash; fine red sand; rubble; artificial bedrock | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klasies River Mouth Main Site | on Southern coast of CapeProvince; continuous caves 1,1A,1B,1C and 2; 3 km East of Klasies River Mouth | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 735, Klasies River Mouth Main Site, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: MSA deposits; C14 on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: brown to greyish brown silty sand | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Klasies River Mouth Cave 1D | 97200 m from main Klasies site; on Southern Coast of Cape Province; 3km East of Klasies River Mouth | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 738, Klasies River Mouth Cave 1D, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: LSA deposits; 2285 +- 105; 4755 +- 95; dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: brown to greyish brown silty sands |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scott's Cave | on farm Scothurst in the Gamtoos Valley, 10 km North of Patensie | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 749, Scott's Cave, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 411190 +- 100; 360 +- 80; dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: cut into Enon conglomerate |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tienfontein 4A | latitude and longitude determined by map | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 763, Tienfontein 4A, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 21150 +- 45 on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tienfontein 7 | latitude and longitude determined by map | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 764, Tienfontein 7, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 1970 +- 4 on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boomplas Cave | in Cango River Valley | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 767, Boomplas Cave, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 2416 C14 dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Byeneskranskop Cave | 70160 km East of Cape Town in the Southern Cape province of South Africa | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 770, Byeneskranskop Cave, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laetoli - Loc. 2 Ngaloba | southern part of Locality 2, lat/long obtained from grid overlain on map | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Vogel River Series | ETE Locality 637, Laetoli - Loc. 2 Ngaloba, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: composite, ETE age comment: based on stratigraphical position, 120,000 +- 30,000 yrs | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: and sandstone |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swartkrans - Member 5 | Lat/long based on Churcher (1956) map & coordinates of Sterkfontein | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Swartkrans | ETE Locality 647, Swartkrans - Member 5, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: dates from Antidorcas bondi bones radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: lightly calcified deposit that partially fills an erosional space surr. a massive stalagmite mass on NW side of cave | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea Harvest Site | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 748, Sea Harvest Site, | ||
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: dates also based on stratigraphic and sedimentological obs.; C14 on ostrich eggshell radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equus Cave | on Gaap Escarpment at Norlim near Taung in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 775, Equus Cave, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: dates on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: limestone formed by evaporation of spring waters;sandy loams with tufa grit | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heuningneskrans Shelter | near Ohringstad in the Eastern Transvaal | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 776, Heuningneskrans Shelter, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: at least 23000 on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: dolomite rock shelter | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ishango - N.F.P. | Shore of L. Rutanzige | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 887, Niveau fossilifere principal, Ishango - N.F.P., |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| "The first stage, characterised by the Ishangian levels, is illustrative for a Late Pleistocene hunter-fisher-gatherer Community adapted to relatively dry and open savanna living conditions. For the moment it is impossible to give a more precise estimate of the age of the Ishango culture, but it is not inconceivable that the N.F.PR. assemblage relates to one of somewhat drier phases that occurred within the second half of the Late Pleistocene, i.e. from ca. 21000 to 17500 BP or from 14500 to 12500 BP." ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: "Max age = 21,000 +/- 500 (date in NFP at Is11). Min age = 6890 +/- 75 (charcoal from the Katwe ash)." radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min. Niveau fossilifere principal. | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: "dense concentration of bones and artifacts, possibly a debris wash" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ishango - Z. Post-Em. | Shore of L. Rutanzige | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 889, Zone post-emersion, Ishango - Z. Post-Em., |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| "This occupation stage might postdate the early Holocene period" ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: "Max age = 21,000 +/- 500 (NFP at Is11). Min age = 6890 +/- 75 (charcoal in Katwe Ash at Kabale)." radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: "brown horizon, lithology otherwise undescribed" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matupi Cave - Unit Matupi II | "Mt. Hoyo, 40 km SW of Irumu." | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 895, Matupi Cave - Unit Matupi II, | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: "max=21350 +/- 3500y BP,TL date from 120 cm bel surf;min=2910 +/- 75y BP,C14 date from 30 cm bel surf" radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: buff-brown soil and brown loam | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio anubis | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ishango - Katwe Ash | "Includes Is4, Is1." | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 907, Ishango - Katwe Ash, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Bulk of Katwe ash was extruded at 6890 +/- 75 y BP (C14 date from near top of the ash). radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: "ash, soft or indurated" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ishango - LTC | Shore of L. Rutanzige | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 908, Ishango - LTC, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: Latest Pleistocene age based on fauna and stratigraphic position radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: fine gravels and sands |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|
| Katanda 2 - Semliki Beds | - zwischen 0 und 5.33 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 921, Kt, Katanda 2 - Semliki Beds, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |
| ETE dating method: composite, ETE age comment: "estimated to be E.-M. Pleis, L. Plioc at base,main age = 6890 +/- 75 ( radiocarbon date from Katwe ash)." radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: "coarse and gravelly sands, clayey sands, concretions, clay, iron oxide stains" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kyanyumu - Katwe Ash | NW of Ishango | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 934, Kyanyumu - Katwe Ash, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Bulk of Katwe ash was extruded at 6890 +/- 75 y BP (C14 date from near top of the ash). radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: "ash, soft or indurated" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Awash (Bodo/UBSU) | On the east side of the Awash River in NW Haaghe province. | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
Wehaietu | ETE Locality 955, Middle Awash - Bodo, UBSU, Upper Bodo Sand Unit, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: composite, ETE age comment: Max age = fauna correlates with Olduvai above Lemuta mbr. and Olorgesailie. Min age = 8955 y BP (C14 date from Gewani) radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: Layer A:conglomerate, coarse sand. Layer B:medium sand with pebble lenses at top. Layer C: medium-fine sand, silt, clay. | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Theropithecus oswaldi | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Vero | Vero, on the Atlantic Coast, Florida. | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |
| Stratum 3 of Vero excavation produced most materials (= "muck bed"); Stratum 2 less productive but supposedly not significantly older plants are mostly from layer No. 3 and vertebrates are mostly from layer No. 2 according to Hrdlicka 1917 | "The former [human skeleton] lay in dark and somewhat indurated sands, layer No. 2 of Sellards, the latter for the most part at the base of layer No. 3, the muck deposit of the stream bed... layer No. 2 is seen to be overlain by a stratum of similar, but somewhat lighter, sandy deposits covered by a layer of marl [ranging] from about 5 to 9 inches in thickness, and when freshly exposed is of the consistency of fresh mortar, but on exposure hardens to fairly solid rock... The second skeleton lay... in some loose white sand and vegetable matter at the base of the muck layer" (Hrdlicka 1917) |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Shenxian Cave, Huifeng Mountain, Lishui County | China, Jiangsu Province, Lishui County, Jingnei, Huifeng Mountain, from Lishui City about 21 km in southeastern direction; Shenxian (Fairies') Cave is located on the Northwest slope of Shenxian Mountain. | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |
| upper part Radiocarbon date of 11200 +/- 1000 or 9250 +/- 1000 BC has been yielded. | Red-brown sandy clay, not lithified, no layering, occasionally some calcareous breccia, some quartzicic pebbles and fragments of drop stone. The fossils and fragments of coal are scattered around in this layer (1,5-2,5 m in thickness). At the bottom of this layer there is a hardground of drop stone, about 10 cm thick. At some places there is 20 cm of clay between these two layers. In the drop stone have been found fossils, too. |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Xiashan Cave, upper part, Luoding | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Lithographie | |
| grayish dark uppermost cave-deposits |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Djebel Irhoud, Ennouchi collection, 1960s | Co-ordinates based on the mountain of Djebel Irhoud. | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.13 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
Jebel Irhoud |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | |||
| Late Middle Pleistocene, Mousterian. |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maasvlakte, Fauna III | down-stream from Rotterdam towards the Hook of Holland | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
Meuse Levels, Beer canal |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Die Kelders 1 | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 513, Die Kelders 1, | ||
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Liang Bua Holocene deposits | "cave formed in Miocene limestone... Flores... 14 km north of Ruteng and 25 km from the north coast, overlooking the Wae Racang river valley... 30 m wide and 25 m high at the entrance, and up to 40 m deep" | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie | |
| none given, but sediments in Sector VII are silt, clay, and rockfall | Pleistocene fauna from unspecified locations throughout the cave includes "fish, frog, snake, tortoise, varanids, birds, rodents and bats... Komodo dragon and another, even larger varanid, as well an endemic, dwarfed species of Stegodon" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper Herto Member near Bouri | at least three localities within about a kilometer east and south of Herto Village and about 5 km east of the coordinate, which is shown on a map | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.13 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
Bouri |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie | |
| "bentonite tuff... usually located within 1 m below the the Upper/Lower Herto contact... yields an 40Ar/39Ar age of 260 +/- 16 [1 s.d.] thousand years; "two pumice clasts" from member dated at 163 +/- 3 and 162 +/- 3 kyr, respectively" (anorthoclase), and a third at "226 +/- 2 kyr" (sanidine); "Two obsidian clasts from the same sands" dated at 160 +/- 2 kyr; all of the pumice and obsidian dates are maximum estimates; the overlying WAVT tuff is correlated geochemically with a tuff below the Konso Silver Tuff, which is dated at 154 +/- 7 kyr (sanidine) | member consists of "fluvial and lake-margin deposits of coarse beach and yellow sandstone... Abundant archaeological and faunal remains are embedded in a sand unit at the base of the Upper Herto Member... [it is] a [fluviatile] volcaniclastic sandstone and gravel deposit that yielded all of the Herto hominid fossils and all of the Upper Herto Member archaeological assemblages... variable in thickness, yellow-brown to grey, and cross-bedded, bearing abundant rolled pumices up to 15 cm in diameter." | may be a subset of Bouri (collection 22166) |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Hofmeyr | "a dry channel bed of the Vlekpoort River... near the town of Hofmeyr" | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie |
| dated with "a combination of optically stimulated luminescence and uranium-series dating" of matrix found in the skull at 36.2 +/- 3.3 ka | "indurated carbonate-sand" | "No other bones or archaeological artifacts were reportedly found in the vicinity" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nuapua 2, Chuquisaca, Bolivia | Between Carandaiti and Capiranda | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
Nuapua |
| Lithographie | |||
| 1.5-1.0 m of reworked gray tuff |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Guitarrero Cave-Complex 3 | in Callejon de Huaylas, bounded by two mountains, on valley floor | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| C14 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Guitarrero Cave-Complex 4 | in Callejon de Huayles, between two mountains, on valley floor | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| C14 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Fowlkes Cave (Holocene) | "approximately 10 km north of Kent... near the edge of the southern termination of the Apache Mountains," which would place it near Kent Draw (basis of coordinate) from "a rectangle 10 by 20 ft... in the lower chamber" | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |
| "less than 1 ft deep at the western extremity but more than 16 inches deep at the eastern end" | "black surficial silt" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Associated Material and Supply Company Sandpit | "Sec. 23, T26S, R1W" | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |
| from "about thirty feet below the surface" | pit is in a sand with a "coarse fraction" of "'mud balls' [and] water rolled cobbles" but fossils are apparently from a "clay and silt level" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Oatville Sandpit | "Sec. 11, T28S, R1W" | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie | |
| no details given | "A bird bone exhibiting butchering marks, but not mineralized like the Pleistocene fauna, was also found" |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Gobero Sites G1-G3 | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie |
| age is "Phase 2-Early Holocene Occupation (7700-6200 B.C.E.)" based on numerous 14C AMS dates on enamel and bone | calcrete is composed of "calcite-cemented aeolian sand" (lithified based on this statement and figures of specimens) |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Gobero Mid-Holocene Middens 1-4 | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie |
| age is "Phase 3-Mid-Holocene Occupation (5200-2500 B.C.E.)" based on numerous 14C AMS dates on enamel and bone | calcrete is composed of "calcite-cemented aeolian sand" (lithified based on this statement and figures of specimens) |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|
| Eland's Bay Cave | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
Elands Bay Cave |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huanglong Cave | "About 50 m in front of the site is the Dashui River, a branch of the Hangjiang River. The entrance... is about 7.8 m above the current river level. Huanglong Cave extends more than 400 m... five regions were mapped, and four... were excavated... All of the human fossils and most of the animal fossils were excavated from Region 1. A few animal fossils were found in Region 2... Region 1 [is] about 50 m2" | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
Huanglongdong | |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Museum | ||
| local section has five layers, and "All the seven hominin teeth, all the stone artifacts and most of the animal fossils are derived from Layer 3" U-series dates from two rhinoceros teeth and stalagmites range from 79.4 +/- 6.3 ka to 103.7 +/- 1.6 ka but there is also an ESR date on a rhino tooth of 34.78 to 44.18 ka | "Red silt clay layer... Two thin flowstone layers developed with a break. Below the flowstone layers there are isolated stalagmites which have no direct connection with the flowstone layer" | IVPP | ||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Macaca mulatta | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isleta Caves | "8 miles west of Isleta, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, N1/2sec. 31, T. 8 N., R. 1 E., N.M.P.M" in a "cave chamber measuring some 20 meters in its greatest dimension north to south... Isleta 2, about a quarter mile south of Isleta 1 is a flask-shaped chamber, averaging 25 feet in diameter" | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
Isleta 1; Isleta 2 |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Museum | |
| faunal composition suggests "that deposition started only a short time before general extinction of Pleistocene mammals" | caves are "the result of gases entrapped in a lava or of drainage of liquid lava" | LACM |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Punung | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
|||
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||||
| 60-125 ka | ||||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Symphalangus syndactylus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buhl Burial | "approximately 2.5 km north of the town of Buhl" and shown map as about 1.5 km SSW of Clear Lake (basis of coordinate) | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
10TF1019 Burial Locale |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | ||
| the radiocarbon date is considered a minimum based on dating of the immediately underlying gravel deposits | the "matrix around and above the skeleton was windblown sand" and the including unit consists of "nonbedded, poorly to moderately sorted, medium to very fine sand, supporting randomly distributed, angular to rounded, granule-pebble-cobble-boulder clasts," with an "eolian portion" of "sand and silt," that was deposited adjacent to a "gravel bar" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anzick | "near Wilsal" (basis of coordinate) | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
Wilsal |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie | ||
| "late Pleistocene" (no 14C dates provided) | "The bone foreshafts are made from large mammal bone diaphyses" that were not identified |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nelson Bay Cave, Holocene | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
|||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lang Trang Cave | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
|||
| Lithographie | ||||
| cave breccia | ||||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Pongo pygmaeus | |||
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Moomomi Dunes, Holocene | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elandsfontein | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
ETE Locality 529, Elandsfontein, | ||
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Theropithecus oswaldi | |||
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Blombos Cave | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | |
| 100 ka - 70 ka |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|
| Hoedjiespunt 1 | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.13 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
HDP1 |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| El Harhoura 2 | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | |
| Neolithic, ca 7000-6000 ybp |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Man Bac | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | |
| approximately 25 km from the coast |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Durham Cave #2 | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ely Cave | cave consists of "a few hundred feet of narrow and rather damp chambers" | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
Gilley? |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diepkloof Rock Shelter | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
|||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Papio ursinus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melbourne No. 2 Bed | "on property owned by" Singleton "at Melbourne" (basis of coordinate) | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
|
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Museum | Kommentar z. Taxonomie |
| "probably early-Pleistocene" according to Allen, but Wisconsinan according to later workers | "stream deposits... [comprise] an upper, somewhat barren layer (No. 3 bed) lying uncomforably upon an older deposit rather in rich in fossil bones (the 'bone bed', No. 2). Below these is a layer of coquina (No. 1 bed) believed to be of Pleistocene age." | MCZ | a long English-language list is given by Allen, who also mentions that "elephant and mastodon still persisted" in the No. 3 bed |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|
| Devil's Den | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
UF LV002 |
| Museum | ||
| FLMNH |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Potter Creek Cave | Section 23, T. 34 N., R. 4 W., O'Brien 7.5' Quadrange. North of Potter Creek | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Museum | |
| radiocarbon dates from R. S. Feranec (2009) | UCMP |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Morse Creek Number 1 | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Cotuit Port | Barnstable | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Coningham | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Clare Bay | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Cueva del Muerto | A previously unreported fossil site; a cave with a vertical entrance and a depth of 4 m, containing three chambers excavated in January 2013. The smallest chamber, with an area of 2.72 m2, yielded giant tortoise material at a depth of 37 cm. | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Cueva de las Caritas | A previously unreported fossil site; a large cave with a vertical entrance with easy access, a depth of 3 m and an area of 104 m2, and which contains two pre-Columbian petroglyphs of human faces. | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Saqqaq Site | Disco Bay, West Greenland | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Oosterschelde, Pleistocene | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| AIT10, Ureia site, Aitutaki | The Ureia site is a stratified sequence of calcareous sands just above sea level. It is about 100m inland from the modern beach and is backed by a hill composed of volcanic bedrock and associated eroded soils. In 1987, M. S. Allen, S. E. Schubel, and I excavated 11 m2 of sediment at Ureia to a depth of up to 2 m. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| Charcoal-based radiocarbon chronology of Ureia ranges from 200 ± 50 yr B.P. (layer III) to 1040 ± 80 yr B.P. (layer VII). Attempts to date the very small amounts of charcoal from strata below layer VII have not been successful. |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Railhunter Rockshelter, Layer IIB, Tinian | Carolinas area, Tinian. Small shelter formed in an isolated block of limestone. Includes test pits 4-6 combined. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
Site 131 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Railhunter Rockshelter, Layer IIC, Tinian | Carolinas area, Tinian. Small shelter formed in an isolated block of limestone. Includes test pits 4-6 combined. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
Site 131 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Pisonia rockshelter, layer III, Aguiguan | A deeply stratified human habitation site formed beneath an undercut limestone wall along a trail to the rugged north coast. The site lies about 250 m inland from the north-central coast, in the vicinity of Butler’s site number 7. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| Layers II-IV are pottery-rich, prehistoric cultural deposits spanning more than a millennium |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Pisonia rockshelter, layer IV, Aguiguan | A deeply stratified human habitation site formed beneath an undercut limestone wall along a trail to the rugged north coast. The site lies about 250 m inland from the north-central coast, in the vicinity of Butler’s site number 7. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| Layers II-IV are pottery-rich, prehistoric cultural deposits spanning more than a millennium |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Pisonia rockshelter, layer IV-V, Aguiguan | A deeply stratified human habitation site formed beneath an undercut limestone wall along a trail to the rugged north coast. The site lies about 250 m inland from the north-central coast, in the vicinity of Butler’s site number 7. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| A loose area of the excavation wall that had to be salvaged in such a way that Layers IV and V could not be distinguished. Layers II-IV are pottery-rich, prehistoric cultural deposits spanning more than a millennium. Layer V may be partly pre-human in age, based on a sharp decline in pottery content, lack of charcoal, and scarcity of burned bones. |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Pisonia rockshelter, layer V, Aguiguan | A deeply stratified human habitation site formed beneath an undercut limestone wall along a trail to the rugged north coast. The site lies about 250 m inland from the north-central coast, in the vicinity of Butler’s site number 7. | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | ||
| Layer V may be partly pre-human in age, based on a sharp decline in pottery content, lack of charcoal, and scarcity of burned bones. |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Site 1, Utrok Island | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jebel Irhoud | Co-ordinates based on the mountain of Djebel Irhoud. | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.13 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
Jebel Irhoud |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Malakunanja II | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|---|
| Apidima Cave C | The Apidima complex of six maritime caves is located in Mesa Mani (Lakonia), on a steep coast of the western Mani peninsula, which is the southernmost continental point of the Balkan peninsula, very near to the active Hellenic subduction zone. | Middle Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.78 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie | |
| The Apidima caves are karstic formations within the MIddle Triassic-Late Eocene limestone (Plattenhalk) of depth 500m, from 4m to 23m above sea level. Dated using ESR on travertine calcite and fossils - two samples with dates of 250-450,000BP and 200-300,000BP. "As the Apidima fauna is stratigraphically mixed, careful interpretation is required" | rodents, birds (mostly beaks), leporids and turtles are also mentioned. |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Cho-chen | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Cho-chen | - zwischen 0 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|
| El Pit cenote | El Pit cenote is part of the private diving and snorkel park Dos Ojos, which is located 15 km north of Tulum in the Mexican federal state of Quintana Roo. El Pit cenote forms part of the Dos Ojos subsystem and the latter is part of the Sac Actun system of underwater caves | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
Dos Ojos; 15 km north of Tulum |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Paisley Caves | Late Pleistocene zwischen 0.01 und 0.13 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Roebuck Site | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Gruta das Fadas | - zwischen 0.01 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
| Sammlung | Epoche, Alter |
|---|---|
| Río Luján 1 | Holocene zwischen 0 und 0.01 Millionen Jahren |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | |
| Carbon dating of the D. avus specimen suggests an age of 724 ± 52 14C year BP, in good agreement with the estimated age of human burials at 600 cal years BP (Prevosti et al. 2015) |
Literatur
J. Wyman 1868, An Account of Some Kjoekkenmoeddings, or Shell-Heaps, in Maine and Massachusetts. American Naturalist. 1:aa, p. 561 - 584J. A. Allen 1885, On an extinct type of dog from Ely Cave, Lee County, Virginia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 10:2, p. 1 - 13
E. H. Sellards 1917, Review of the evidence on which the human remains found at Vero, Florida, are referred to the Pleistocene. Florida State Geological Survey Annual Report. 9:2, p. 69 - 81
W. J. Wintemberg 1936, Roebuck Prehistoric Village Site, Grenville County, Ontario. National Museum of Canada Bulletin. 83:2, p. 1 - 178
F. E. Peabody 1954, Travertines and Cave Deposits of the Kaap Escarpment of South Africa, and the Type Locality of Australopithecus Africanus Dart. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 65:2, p. 671 - 706
C. E. Ray 1958, Additions to the Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Melbourne, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 119:2, p. 419 - 449
A. H. Harris, J. S. Findley 1964, Pleistocene-Recent fauna of the Isleta Caves, Bernalillo County, New Mexico. American Journal of Science. 262:2, p. 114 - 120
B. Howe, C. Arambourg, L. C. Briggs 1967, The Palaeolithic of Tangier, Morocco. Harvard University Bulletin. 22:2, p. - 120
Q. B. Hendey, C. Arambourg, L. C. Briggs 1969, Quaternary vertebrate fossil sites in the south-western Cape Province. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 24:95/96, p. 96-105 - 114
C. S. Churcher, P.E.L. Smith, L. C. Briggs 1972, Kom Ombo: Preliminary Report on the Fauna of Late Paleolithic Sites in Upper Egypt. Science. 177:95/96, p. 259 - 261
R. C. Klein, P.E.L. Smith, L. C. Briggs 1972, The late quaternary mammalian fauna of Nelson Bay Cave (Cape Province, South Africa): Its implications for megafaunal extinctions and environmental and cultural change. Quaternary Research. 2:2, p. 135 - 142
P. B. Beaumont, A. K. Boshier, L. C. Briggs 1974, Report on Test Excavations in a Prehistoric Pigment Mine near Postmasburg, North Cape. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 29:2, p. 41 - 59
R. G. Klein, K. Scott, L. C. Briggs 1974, The Fauna of Scott's Cave, Gamtoos Valley, South-Eastern Cape Province. South African Journal of Science. 70:2, p. 186 - 187
C. S. Churcher, K. Scott, L. C. Briggs 1974, Relationships of the Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Fauna from Kom Ombo, Upper Egypt. Annals of the Geological Survey of Egypt. 4:2, p. 363 - 384
R. A. Martin, S. D. Webb, L. C. Briggs 1974, Late Pleistocene mammals from the Devil's Den Fauna, Levy County. Pleistocene Mammals of Florida. :2, p. 114 - 145
D. L. Rasmussen, S. D. Webb, L. C. Briggs 1974, New Quaternary mammal localities in the upper Clark Fork River valley, western Montana. Northwest Geology. 3:2, p. 62 - 70
L. Lahren, R. Bonnichsen, L. C. Briggs 1974, Bone foreshafts from a Clovis burial in southwestern Montana. Science. 186:2, p. 147 - 150
T. Shikama, C.C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, Discovery of Fossil Homo sapiens from Cho chen in Taiwan. The Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon . 84:2, p. 131 - 138, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
T. Shikama, C.-C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, Discovery of Fossil Homo sapiens from Cho-chen in Taiwan . Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon. 84:2, p. 131 - 138, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
H. De Villiers, C.-C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, A second adult human mandible from Border Cave, Ingwavuma District, KwaZulu, South Africa. South African Journal of Science. 72:2, p. 212 - 215, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. G. Klein, C.-C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, The Mammalian Fauna of the Klasies River Mouth Sites, Southern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 31:2, p. 75 - 98, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
D. W. Phillipson, C.-C. Ling, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, The Prehistory of Eastern Zambia. Memoir of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. 6:2, p. - 98, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
F. Wendorf, R. Schild, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1976, . Prehistory of the Nile Valley. :2, p. - 98, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. G. Klein, R. Schild, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1978, A Preliinary Report on the Larger Mammals from the Boomplaas Stone age Cave Site, Cango Valley, Oudtshoorn District, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 33:2, p. 66 - 75, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
A. Wallace, J. Stockton, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1979, Skeletal remains at Coningham, Tasmania, Australia. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. 113:2, p. 149 - 153, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. G. Klein, J. Stockton, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1979, Paleoenvironmental and Cultural Implications of Late Holocene Archaeological Faunas from the Orange Free State and North Central Cape Province, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin. 34:2, p. 34 - 49, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
E. S. Wing, J. Stockton, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1980, Faunal remains. Guitarrero Cave: Early Man in the Andes. :2, p. 149 - 172, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
Y. Li, C. Lei, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1980, Fossil animals discovered in Shenxian [Fairies'] Cave, Lishui County, Jiangsu Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica (=Gujizhui Dongwu yu Gurenlei). 18:1, p. 59 - 64, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. G. Klein, C. Lei, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1981, Later Stone Age Subsistence at Byeneskranskop, South Africa. In: Harding, R.S.O. and Telecki, G. eds., Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York. :1, p. - 64, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
S. L. Olson, H. F. James, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1982, Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 365:1, p. 1 - 59, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
L.M. van den Brink, H. F. James, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1982, On the mammal fauna of the Wajak Cave, Java (Indonesia). In: G. Bartstra, ed. Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia. 7:1, p. 177 - 193, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. Singer, J. Wymer, N. Shimoda, H. Baba 1982, The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. :1, p. - 193, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
J. E. Kalb, C. J. Jolly, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1982, Fossil Mammals and Artifacts from the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. Nature. 298:1, p. 25 - 29, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
W. W. Dalquest, F. B. Stangl, Jr., A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1984, Late Pleistocene and early Recent mammals from Fowlkes Cave, southern Culberson County, Texas. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication. 8:1, p. 432 - 455, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. A. Rogers, L. D. Martin, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1985, Early Projectile Points and Pleistocene Fauna from Sandpits near Wichita, Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 88:1/2, p. 46 - 50, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
G. Braeuer, R.E.F. Leakey, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, The ES-11693 Cranium from Eliye Springs, West Turkana, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution. 15:4, p. 289 - 312, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
T. D. White, R.E.F. Leakey, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: a case of prehistoric defleshing. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 69:4, p. 503 - 509, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
H. J. Tucci, R.E.F. Leakey, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Archaeological investigations of Durham Cave 2. Current Research in the Pleistocene. 3:4, p. 25 - 26, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. G. Klein, R.E.F. Leakey, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia). The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 39:4, p. 109 - 116, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
J. E. Yellen, A. S. Brooks, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1987, A terminal Pleistocene assemblage from Drotsky Cave,western Ngamiland,Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records. 19:4, p. 1 - 6, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
R. C. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1987, Large mammal and tortoise bones from Eland's Bay Cave and nearby sites, Western Cape Province, South Africa. BAR International Series. 332(I):4, p. 132 - 163, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
M. D. Leakey, J. M. Harris, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1987, Laetoli: a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain. :4, p. - 163, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
B. Grønnow, J. M. Harris, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1988, Prehistory in permafrost. Journal of Danish Archaeology. 7:4, p. 24 - 39, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
D. Chen, J. M. Harris, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1988, Guangdong Luoding zhong gengxinshi buru dongwu huashi de faxian ji qi yiyi (The discovery of Pleistocene mammalian fossils in Luoding Guangdong and their significance). Jinian Mabaren huashi faxian sanshi zhounian wenji (Treatises in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the discovery of Maba Human Cranium. :4, p. 67 - 68, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
Y. Vervoort-Kerkhoff, T. van Kolfschoten, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1988, Pleistocene and Holocene mammalian faunas from the Maasvlakete near Rotterdam (The Netherlands). Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol. 25:1, p. 87 - 98, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
N. T. Boaz, T. van Kolfschoten, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1990, Evolution of environments and Hominidae in the African Western Rift Valley. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memior. 1:i-xii, p. 1 - 356, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
J. Verniers, J. DeHeinzelin, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1990, Stratigraphy and geological history of the upper Semliki:a preliminary report. Virgia Museum of Natural History Memior. 1:i-xii, p. 17 - 39, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
W. Van Neer, J. DeHeinzelin, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1990, Les faunes de vertebres quaternaires en Afrique centrale. Paysages quat. de Afrique centrale atlantique,R.Lanfranchi(ed),Paris. :i-xii, p. 195 - 220, DOI: 10.1537/ase1911.84.131
A. P. Belperio, D. G. Fotheringham, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1990, Geological setting of two Quaternary footprint sites, western South Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 37:1, p. 37 - 42, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
R. G. Roberts, D. G. Fotheringham, R. Stuckenrat, R. Welbourne 1990, Thermoluminescence dating of a 50,000-year-old human occupation site in northern Australia. Nature. 345:6271, p. 153 - 156, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, T. P. Volman 1991, Dating, Archaeology and Human Fossils from the Middle Stone Age Levels of Die Kelders, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 21:6271, p. 363 - 395, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
D. W. Steadman, R. G. Klein, T. P. Volman 1991, Extinct and extirpated birds from Aitutaki and Atiu, southern Cook Islands. Pacific Science. 45:6271, p. 325 - 347, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
L. G. Marshall, T. Sempere, T. P. Volman 1991, The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review. Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - Vol. 1 Vertebrados (Revista Ténica de YPFB). 12:3-4, p. 631 - 652, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
R. G. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. B. Beaumont 1991, Environmental, Ecological and Paleoanthropological Implications of the Late Pleistocene Mammalian Fauna from Equus Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Quaternary Research. 36:3-4, p. 94 - 119, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
F. E. Grine, R.G. Klein, P. B. Beaumont 1993, Late Pleisticene Humans Remains from the Sea Harvest Site, Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Wetenskap. 89:3-4, p. 145 - 152, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
F. Amani, D. Geraads, P. B. Beaumont 1993, The Mousterian site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco: new data on the fauna and biochronology, and description of a new human fossil. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris Serie II. 316:3-4, p. 847 - 852, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
C. K. Brain, D. Geraads, P. B. Beaumont 1993, Swartkrans: A Cave's Chronicle of Early Man. Transvaal Museum Monograph Transvaal Museum. Pretoria. 8:3-4, p. - 852, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
J. H. Schwartz, V. T. Long, N. L. Cuong, L. T. Kha, I. Tattersall 1995, A review of the Pleistocene hominoid fauna of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (excluding Hylobatidae). Anthropological Paper of the American Museum of Natural History. 76:3-4, p. 1 - 23, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
A. S. Brooks, D. Helgren, J. Cramer, A. Franklin, W. Hornyak, J. Keating, , R. G. Klein, W. J. Rink, H. Schwarcz, J. N. Smith 1995, Dating and context of three Middle Stone Age sites with bone points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Science. 268:5210, p. 548 - 553, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
T. J. Green, B. Cochran, T. W. Fenton, J. C. Woods, G. L. Titmus, L. Tieszen, M. A. Davis, S. J. Miller 1998, The Buhl burial: A Paleoindian woman from southern Idaho. American Antiquity. 63:3, p. 437 - 456, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
D. W. Steadman, B. Cochran, T. W. Fenton, J. C. Woods, G. L. Titmus, L. Tieszen, M. A. Davis, S. J. Miller 1999, The prehistory of vertebrates, especially birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31:3, p. 319 - 345, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
G. D. van den Bergh, B. Cochran, T. W. Fenton, J. C. Woods, G. L. Titmus, L. Tieszen, M. A. Davis, S. J. Miller 1999, The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications. A study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line. Scripta Geologica. 117:3, p. 1 - 419, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
R. G. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, T. W. Fenton, J. C. Woods, G. L. Titmus, L. Tieszen, M. A. Davis, S. J. Miller 2000, Middle and later Stone Age large mammal and tortoise remains from Die Kelders Cave 1, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 38:3, p. 169 - 195, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
D. D. Stynder, J. Moggi-Cecchi, L. R. Berger, J. E. Parkington 2001, Human mandibular incisors from the late Middle Pleistocene locality of Hoedjiespunt 1, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 41:3, p. 369 - 383, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
M. I. Weisler, J. Moggi-Cecchi, L. R. Berger, J. E. Parkington 2001, Life on the edge: prehistoric settlement and economy on Utrōk Atoll, northern Marshall Islands. Archaeology in Oceania. 36:3, p. 109 - 133, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
C. S. Henshilwood, J. C. Sealy, R. Yates, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. Goldberg, F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, C. Poggenpoel, K. van Niekerk, I. Watts 2001, Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa: Preliminary Report on the 1992–1999 Excavations of the Middle Stone Age Levels. Journal of Archaeological Science. 28:3, p. 421 - 448, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
J. D. Clark, Y. Beyene, G. WoldeGabriel, W. K. Hart, P. R. Renne, H. Gilbert, A. Defleur, G. Suwa, S. Katoh, K. R. Ludwig, J.-R. Boisserie, B. Asfaw, T. D. White 2003, Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature. 423:3, p. 747 - 752, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
M. J. Morwood, P. Brown, . Jatmiko, T. Sutikna, E. Wahyu Saptomo, K. E. Westaway, Rokus Awe Due, R. G. Roberts, T. Maeda, S. Wasisto, T. Djubiantono 2005, Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. . 437:3, p. 1012 - 1017, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
F. E. Grine, R. M. Bailey, K. Harvati, R. P. Nathan, A. G. Morris, G. M. Henderson, I. Ribot, A. W. G. Pike 2007, Late Pleistocene human skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa, and modern human origins. Science. 315:3, p. 226 - 229, DOI: 10.1080/08120099008727903
P. C. Sereno, E. A. A. Garcea, H. Jousse, C. M. Stojanowski, J.-F. Saliège, A. Maga, O. A. Ide, K. J. Knudson, A. M. Mercuri, T. W. Stafford, Jr., T. G. Kaye, C. Giraudi, I. Massamba N'siala, E. Cocca, H. M. Moots, D. B. Dutheil, J. P. Stivers 2008, Lakeside cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 years of Holocene population and environmental change. PLoS ONE. 3:8, p. e2995 - 229, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002995
W. Liu, X. Wu, S. Pei, X. Wu, C. J. Norton 2009, Huanglong Cave: A Late Pleistocene human fossil site in Hubei Province, China. Quaternary International. :8, p. - 229, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017
R. S. Feranec, X. Wu, S. Pei, X. Wu, C. J. Norton 2009, Implications of radiocarbon dates from Potter Creek Cave, Shasta County, California, USA. Radiocarbon. 51:3, p. 931 - 936, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017
E. Campmas, V. Laroulandie, P. Michel, F. Amani, R. Nespoulet, A. E. H. Mohammed 2010, . Birds in Archaeology: Proceedings of the 6th Meeting of the Icaz Bird Working Group Meetings. :3, p. 233 - 240, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017
J. Sawada, N. K. Thuy, N. A. Tuan 2011, Faunal remains at Man Bac. Terra Australis. 33:3, p. 105 - 116, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.017
T. E. Steele, R. G. Klein, N. A. Tuan 2013, The Middle and Later Stone Age faunal remains from Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science. :3, p. - 116, DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.01.001
A. M. Oliveira, R. G. Klein, N. A. Tuan 2013, Paleofauna de vertebrados, com ênfase em répteis e mamíferos, dos depósitos quartenários da região da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Universidade Estadual Paulista. :3, p. - 116, DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.01.001
F. J. Prevosti, M. A. Ramírez, M. Schiaffini, F. Martin, D. E. Udrizar Sauthier, M. Carrera, C. Sillero-Zubiri, U. F. J. Pardiñas 2015, Extinctions in near time: new radiocarbon dates point to a very recent disappearance of the South American fox Dusicyon avus (Carnivora: Canidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 116:3, p. 704 - 720, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12625
B. K. McHorse, E. B. Davis, E. Scott, D. L. Jenkins 2016, What species of horse was coeval with North America's earliest humans in the Paisley Caves?. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36:6, p. 1 - 5, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1214595
J.-J. Hublin, A. Ben-Ncer, S. E. Bailey, S. E. Freidline, S. Neubauer, M. M. Skinner, I. Bergmann, A. Le Cabec, S. Benazzi, K. Harvati, P. Gunz 2017, New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens. Nature. 546:6, p. 289 - 292, DOI: 10.1038/nature22336
S. T. Turvey, J. Almonte, J. Hansford, R. P. Scofield, J. L. Brocca, S. D. Chapman 2017, A new species of extinct Late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola. Zootaxa. 4277:1, p. 1 - 16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.1.1
D. J. Scager, H.-J. Ahrens, F. E. Dieleman, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, J. de Vos, J. W. F. Reumer 2017, The Kor & Bot collection revisited, with a biostratigraphic interpretation of the Early Pleistocene Oosterschelde Fauna (Oosterschelde Estuary, the Netherlands). Deinsea. 17:1, p. 16 - 31, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.1.1
S. R. Stinnesbeck, W. Stinnesbeck, E. Frey, J. Avilés Olguín, C. Rojas Sandoval, A. Velázquez Morlet, A. H. González 2018, Panthera balamoides and other Pleistocene felids from the submerged caves of Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Historical Biology. 32:7, p. 930 - 939, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2018.1556649
K. Harvati, C. Roding, A. M. Bosman, F. A. Karakostis, R. Grün, C. Stringer, P. Karkanas, N. C. Thompson, V. Koutoulidis, L. A. Moulopoulos, V. G. Gorgoulis, M. Kouloukoussa 2019, Apidima Cave fossils provide earliestevidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia. Nature. 571:7, p. 500 - 504, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z