†Homo habilis (Hominidae)
Homo habilis ist eine Primatenart innerhalb der Familie Hominidae, die ab dem Quartär (Pleistozän) im Gelasium lebte, das vor rund 2,6 Millionen Jahren begann und bis vor 1,8 Millionen Jahren andauerte.
Fundorte
Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz
Daten zu den einzelnen Funden von Homo habilis
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Turkana - Area 105 - KBS | collection area, 15.6km2 estimate from map; coordinates from ~center of this area. | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Koobi Fora | ETE Locality 209, Area 105 - KBS |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: ages based on KBS and Okote Tuffs radiometric intage_min KBS Tuff: 1.88 Ma (K/Ar + Ar/Ar); Okote Tuff: 1.64 +-0.3 (member goesfrom base of KBS to base of Okote) | ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: mudstones, caliche | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Cercopithecoides kimeui | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Turkana - Area 123 - Upper Burgi | 9937.5km2 estimate from map, Bura Hasuma subregion, seconds changed by one to allow separation on map | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Koobi Fora | ETE Locality 231, Area 123 - Upper Burgi, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Lokalalei and KBS Tuffs radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: ostracod sands, silty diatomites | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Homo erectus | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Turkana - Area 116 - Upper Burgi | 11728km2 estimate from map, Il Naibar Lowlands, southern Karari ridge, seconds changed by one to allow separation on map | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Koobi Fora | ETE Locality 292, Area 116 - Upper Burgi, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max = Lokalalei tuff, Min = KBS Tuff radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: light-colored, ETE lithology comments: dark olive claystone, fine and medium grained sandstone, siltstone |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Turkana - Area 130 - KBS | 9723.8km2 estimate from map, northern Karari Ridge subregion, seconds changed for separation on map | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Koobi Fora | ETE Locality 316, Area 130 - KBS, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max = KBS Tuff, min = Okote Tuff radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: brown, sandy, ETE lithology comments: changes laterally to coarse channel sandstones, lenses of brown silty clay | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Paranthropus boisei | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omo - O.177 | lat/long obtained from grid overlain on aerial photo | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Shungura | ETE Locality 409, Omo - O.177, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max = Tuff E, Min = Tuff F radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: unconsolidated, ETE lithology comments: stratified medium sandy tuffite, silty clay and sandy silt |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omo - O.29 | Omo River Valley, may include other localities, suids are from G-3, lat/long obtained from grid overlain on aerial photo | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Shungura | ETE Locality 439, Omo - O.29, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max = Tuff G, Min = Tuff H radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: unconsolidated, ETE lithology comments: fining upward from sand, cyclic sedimentation (member description) | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Theropithecus oswaldi | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omo - O.33 | Omo River Valley, dense bone acumulation, excavated 1972-1974, suids are from F-1, lat/long obtained from grid overlain on aerial photo | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Shungura | ETE Locality 443, Omo - O.33, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Min and Max Ages = Tuff F radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: silty, ETE lithology comments: lenses of med-coarse sand, pumice, clay and silt | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Theropithecus oswaldi | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omo - O.166 | Omo River Valley, channel eroding Tuff E is absent, lat/long obtained from grid overlain on aerial photo | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Shungura | ETE Locality 493, Omo - O.166, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max = Tuff E, Min = Tuff F radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: unconsolidated, ETE lithology comments: fines up to silt, conglomeratic sand at base, dark brown silt at top (member description) | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Rhinocolobus turkanaensis | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olduvai - FLK N Ostrich Site | Partial skeleton of an ostrich . Also includes a specimen of Homo habilis from FLK N Gully. | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Olduvai | ETE Locality 789, Olduvai - FLK N Ostrich Site, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Beds I - II radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: 0 |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olduvai - DDH (OH 62) | 102250 m southeast of FLK Zinj, hominid found on surface of colluvial soil on north side of Dik Dik Hill. | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Olduvai | ETE Locality 793, Olduvai - DDH (OH 62), Dik Dik Hill, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max age = Tuff IB, Min age = Tuff IF radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: Colluvium containing large lithic clasts. |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omo - member G28 | "Sector 19, lat/long from type section" | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Shungura | ETE Locality 824, Omo - member G28, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max age = 2.33 (Tuff G). Min age = 1.88 (Tuff H). radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: "Interlayered sand, silt, and clay, and some highly saline layers" |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omo - member F3 | "W of L28, lat/ong from type section" | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Shungura | ETE Locality 841, Omo - member F3, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max age = 2.36 (Tuff F). Min age = 2.33 (Tuff G). radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: Interbedded sand and silt and sandstone. | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Theropithecus (Omopithecus) brumpti | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DKI-general | "abve baslt,bse UpprBdI" | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Olduvai | ETE Locality 1436, Douglas Korongo, Arch loc.22, Geol loc.13, DKI-general, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max=1.976+/-0.015(Tuff IA)min=1.859+/-0.007(Tuff IB) radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: clay, ETE lithology comments: "cly,tuff,clyey tuff intrbdded,slt" | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Theropithecus oswaldi | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLKI Main-Bd I | "centr FLK gullies,Oldv homnd5&6" | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 1.81 Millionen Jahren |
Olduvai | ETE Locality 1457, Frida Leakey Korongo, Arch#44, Geol loc.45, FLKI Main-Bd I, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max=1.87(base Bed I)min=1.749+/-.007(Tuff IF) radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: silty, ETE lithology comments: "green/grey/brwn slty cly&cly,tuff" | |||
| U.a. am Fundort ausgegraben: | Paranthropus boisei | |||
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLKII South | "Oldv hmnds37&40,devOldowA & indet.indstry" | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 1.81 Millionen Jahren |
Olduvai | ETE Locality 1458, Site 44a+b, Frida Leakey Korongo S, Arch#44, Geol loc.45, FLKII South, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max=1.749+/-0.007(Tuff IF)min=1.15(base of Bed III) radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: conglomerate, ETE lithology comments: sndy conglomerate |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MNKII Skull St-LwrBdII | "OH13,14,15,Oldw Instry" | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 1.81 Millionen Jahren |
Olduvai | ETE Locality 1462, "Sites 71a,b", M.N.Karongo Skull Site, Arch#71, Geol loc.88, MNKII Skull St-LwrBdII, |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | |||
| ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max=1.7(base of Bed II)min=1.15(base of Bed III) radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min | ETE rock type adj: tuff, ETE lithology comments: tuff&clay |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Turkana - Area 130- KBS- FxJj38SE | Area 130- Karari Ridge, edge of caliche outcrop shearing away into eroded gully. Same horizon as FxJj38 SE hominid KNM-ER 1805. | Calabrian zwischen 0.78 und 1.81 Millionen Jahren |
Koobi Fora | FxJj South East |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie | ||
| Maximum age= 1.88 Ma (KBS Tuff, K/Ar and Ar/Ar dating); Minimum age= 1.64 +/- 0.03 (Base of Okote Tuff, K/Ar and Ar/Ar dating) Datum plane is the sheet sandstone. Section extends to -4 meters below datum plane. | A matrix of coarse sands, gravels, and fine tuffaceous silt, in which large carbonate concertions had grown to form a caliche horizon comprised of a lobate network. | Taxonomic list taken from Isaac (1997) page 419. |
| Sammlung | Kommentar zum Fundort | Epoche, Alter | Geologie, Formation | Kommentar zur Sammlung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Turkana - Area 8 - Okote - KNM-ER 42703 | coordinate based on other East Turkana - Area 8 collections | Gelasian zwischen 1.81 und 2.59 Millionen Jahren |
Koobi Fora | Ileret |
| Kommentar z. Stratigraphie | Lithographie | Kommentar z. Taxonomie | ||
| from "between the Lower Ileret Tuff [1.527 +/- 0.14 Myr] and the Chari Morutot Tuff [1.383 +/- 0.028 Myr]" and estimated to be 1.44 +/- 0.01 Myr based on interpolation | hominid specimen was "coated in carbonate matrix, on the brown mudstone and sandstone sequences" (illustrated as sandy mudstone in a stratigraphic section) | well above the two main beds yielding other mammals (see collection 21455) |
Literatur
F. C. Howell, Y. Coppens 1973, Inventory of remains of Hominidae from Pliocene and Pleistocene formations of the lower Omo Basin, Ethiopia (1967-1972). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 40, p. 1 - 16R. L. Hay, Y. Coppens 1976, Geology of the Olduvai Gorge. University of California Press, Berkeley.. , p. - 16
G. Eck, Y. Coppens 1977, Diversity and frequency distributions of Omo Group Cercopithecidae. Journal of Human Evolution. 6, p. 55 - 63
J. M. Harris, T.D. White 1979, Evolution of the Plio-Pleistocene African Suidae. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 69, p. 1 - 128
M. G. Leakey, T.D. White 1982, Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 58, p. 153 - 172
C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1989, Stratigraphic Context of Fossil hominids from the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 78, p. 595 - 622
P. V. Tobias, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1991, Olduvai Gorge, Parts I-Iv: The Skulls, Endocasts, and Teeth of Homo Habilis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4, p. - 622
N. E. Todd, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1996, Dissertation, personal communication. . , p. - 622
G. L. Isaac, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1997, Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 5 Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. . , p. - 622
H. T. Bunn, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1997, The bone assemblages from the excavated sites. Koobi Fora Research Project: Plio-Pleistoene Archaeology. 5, p. 402 - 458
G. L. Isaac, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1997, Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 5 Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. . , p. - 458
F. Spoor, M. G. Leakey, P. N. Gathogo, F. H. Brown, S. C. Antón, I. McDougall, C. Kiarie, F. K. Manthi, L. N. Leakey 2007, Implications of new early Homo fossils from Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Nature. 448, p. 688 - 691