Cercopithecidae

Cercopithecidae ist der Familienname von 319 Primaten, die ab dem frühen vor bis lebten. Viele Überreste wurden in Kenia gefunden.

Cercopithecidae ist der der Name einer Familie von Primaten innhalb der Überfamilie Cercopithecoidea, Catarrhini.

Die Familie wird weiter aufgeteilt in die Unterfamilien Cercopithecinae (Meerkatzen, Makaken und Paviane) und Colobinae (Schlank- und Stummelaffen).

Fundorte

Die Funddaten, die Systematik sowie die unten folgende Literatursammlung stammen aus der Paleobiology Database, Lizenz

Diese Auffächerung (Radiation) war größtenteils bereits von den gleichen Primatengesellschaften dominiert, wie man sie heute kennt und viele ausgestorbene Formen lassen sich leicht in die beiden Unterfamilien der heute lebenden Altweltaffen eingruppieren.

Steckbrief

Die Welt zur Zeit von Cercopithecidae
Landmassenverteilung im Holozän Bild: Ron Blakely
Ernährung/Lebensraum
Basierend auf den Fossilien glaubt man, dass die Familie Cercopithecidae Früchte- und Blätterfresser waren. Ihr Leben verbrachen die Tiere vermutlich in den Bäumen (arboreal), wo sie auch ihre Nahrung fanden.
* Daten nach Harris et al., 1988
Verbreitung:	Ostafrika Kenia

Physiologie
Gewicht:	?
Schwestertaxa
Eucatarrhini †Nyanzapithecinae Hominoidea †Kamoyapithecus †Kogolepithecus †Dendropithecoidea †Saadanioidea †Propliopithecoidea †Propliopithecidae †Pliopithecoidea †Kalepithecus †Pliobates Cercopithecoidea

Systematik

Cercopithecoidea
- Cercopithecidae
  - Cercopithecinae
    - Mandrillus
      - Mandrillus sphinx
      - Mandrillus leucophaeus
    - Papionini
      - †Procercocebus
        †Procercocebus antiquus
      - Macaca
        Macaca sinica
        †Macaca anderssoni
        †Macaca libyca
        Macaca arctoides
        Macaca silenus
        Macaca fuscata
        Macaca nemestrina
        †Macacus priscus
        Macaca radiata
        †Macaca florentina
        †Macaca jiangchuanensis
        Macaca mordax
        Macaca fascicularis
        Macaca pagensis
        Macaca mulatta
        Macaca thibetana
        Macaca hecki
        Macaca leucogenys
        Macaca siberu
        Macaca assamensis
        Macaca sylvanus
        †Macacus robustus
        †Macacus eocaenus
        Macaca cyclopis
        †Macacus sivalensus
        Macaca munzala
        Macaca tonkeana
        Macaca maura
        Macaca phaeura
        Macacus cynomolgus
        Macaca ochreata
        Macaca_ochreata_brunnescens
        †Macaca prisca
        Macaca nigra
        Macaca nigrescens
        Macacus (Pithex)
        Macaca leonina
      - Papionina
        Papio
        Papio_papio
        † Papio_robinsoni
        Papio_(Inuus)
        Papio_kindae
        Papio_thoth
        † Papio_izodi
        Papio_porcarius
        Papio_anubis
        Papio_ursinus
        Papio_cynocephalus
        † Papio_quadratirostris
        Papio_hamadryas
        Lophocebus
        Lophocebus_johnstoni
        Lophocebus_albigena
        Lophocebus_aterrimus
        Lophocebus_osmani
        Lophocebus_opdenboschi
        Lophocebus_ugandae
        †Parapapio
        † Parapapio_antiquus
        † Parapapio_jonesi
        † Parapapio_ado
        † Parapapio_broomi
        † Parapapio_lothagamensis
        † Parapapio_whitei
        † Parapapio_angusticeps
        †Gorgopithecus
        † Gorgopithecus_major
        †Dinopithecus
        † Dinopithecus_ingens
        Theropithecus
        † Theropithecus_darti
        † Theropithecus_(Omopithecus)
        † Theropithecus_oswaldi
        Theropithecus_gelada
        Cercocebus
        Cercocebus_lunulatus
        Cercocebus_torquatus
        Cercocebus_atys
        Cercocebus_sanjei
        Cercocebus_galeritus
        Cercocebus_chrysogaster
        Cercocebus_agilis
      - Macacina
        †Procynocephalus
        † Procynocephalus_subhimalayanus
        † Procynocephalus_pinjorii
        † Procynocephalus_wimani
        †Paradolichopithecus
        † Paradolichopithecus_arvernensis
        † Paradolichopithecus_geticus
        † Paradolichopithecus_gansuensis
      - †Pliopapio
        †Pliopapio alemui
      - †Soromandrillus
    - Cercopithecini
  - Semnopithecus
  - †Anomalopithecus
    - †Anomalopithecus bicuspidatus
  - Rungwecebus
    - Rungwecebus kipunji
  - Colobinae
  - Colobinae

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T. Kotsakis, P. Samson, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Elementi di paleobiogeographia dei mammiferi Terziari dell Italia.. Hystrix. 1:6016, p. 25 - 68, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

R. G. Klein, P. Samson, A. Mebrate, S. Tebedge, C. Smart, E.B. Oswald, D. Cramer, P. Whitehead, C.B. Wood, G.C. Conroy, T. Adefris, L. Sperling, B. Kana 1986, Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia). The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 39:6016, p. 109 - 116, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

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J. Peters, A. Brock, P. L. McFadden 1986, A revision of the faunal remains from two central Sudanese sites: Khartoum Hospital and Esh Shaheinab. Archaeozoologia, Mélanges. :6016, p. 11 - 33, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

R. G. Klein, A. Brock, P. L. McFadden 1986, Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia). The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 39:6016, p. 109 - 116, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

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T. D. White, A. Brock, P. L. McFadden 1986, Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: a case of prehistoric defleshing. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 69:6016, p. 503 - 509, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

M. Malez, A. Brock, P. L. McFadden 1986, Die quataren Vertebraten-Faunen in der SFR Jugoslawien. Quatarpalaontologie. 6:6016, p. 101 - 117, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

D. Janossy, A. Brock, P. L. McFadden 1986, Pleistocene vertebrate faunas of Hungary. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 8. Elsevier, Amsterdam. :6016, p. 1 - 208, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

R. G. Klein, A. Brock, P. L. McFadden 1986, The Prehistory of Stone Age Herders in the Cape Province of South Africa. South African Aechaeological Society Goodwin Series. 5:6016, p. 5 - 12, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

L. E. Frostick, I. Reid, P. L. McFadden 1986, Evolution and sedimentary character of lake deltas fed by ephemeral rivers in the Turkana Basin, southern Kenya. Geological Society of America Special Publication. 25:6016, p. 113 - 125, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

M. D. Leakey, J. M. Harris, P. L. McFadden 1987, Laetoli: a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain. :6016, p. - 125, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

A. E. Marks, J. Peters, W. Van Neer 1987, Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Occupations in the Upper Atbara River Valley, Sudan. In: Prehistory of Arid North Africa, Edited by Close, A.E.. :6016, p. - 125, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

M. D. Leakey, J. M. Harris, W. Van Neer 1987, Laetoli: a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain. :6016, p. - 125, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

Y. Coppens, F. C. Howell, W. Van Neer 1987, Les Faunes Plio-Pleistocenes de la Basse Vallee de L'Omo (Ethiopie) Tome 3: Cercopithecidae de la Formation de Shungura. Cahiers de Paleontologie. Editions du CNRS. Paris.. :6016, p. - 125, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. M. Harris, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of pliocene and Pleistocene Localities West of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 399:6016, p. 1 - 128, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Paleoenvironments of the Koobi Fora Formation, Turkana Basin, Northern Kenya. . :6016, p. - 128, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

A. J. Winkler, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, The Neogene rodent succession of the Baringo Basin, Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 8:3,Suppl., p. 29A. - 128, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

L. de Bonis, G. Bouvrain, G. D. Koufos 1988, Late Miocene mammal localities of the lower Axios valley (Macedonia, Greece) and their stratigraphic significance. Modern Geology. 13:3,Suppl., p. 141 - 147, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

M. Pickford, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Geology and fauna of the middle Miocene hominoid site at Muruyur,Baringo District,Kenya. Human Evolution. 3:5, p. 381 - 390, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

Y. Hasegawa, Y. Tomida, N. Kohno, K. Ono, H. Nokariya, T. Uyeno 1988, Quaternary vertebrates from Shiriya area, Shimokita Pininsula, northeastern Japan. Memoirs of the National Science Museum. 21:5, p. 17 - 36, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

H. de Lumley, H-D. Kahlke, A-M. Moigne, P-E. Moulle. 1988, Les Faunes de grands mammiferes de la Grotte du Vallonnet, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes. L'Anthropologie. 92:2, p. 465 - 496, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, M.G. Leakey 1988, Paleoenvironments of the Koobi Fora Formation, Turkana Basin, Northern Kenya. . :2, p. - 128, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1989, Stratigraphic Context of Fossil hominids from the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 78:2, p. 595 - 622, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

W. Van Neer, F.H. Brown, I. McDougall 1990, Les faunes de vertebres quaternaires en Afrique centrale. Paysages quat. de Afrique centrale atlantique,R.Lanfranchi(ed),Paris. :2, p. 195 - 220, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. Radulesco, P. Samson, I. McDougall 1990, The Plio-Pleistocene mammalian succession of the Oltet Valley, Dacic Basin, Romania. Quatarpalaontologie. 8:2, p. 225 - 232, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. M. Harris, P. Samson, I. McDougall 1991, Koobi Fora Research Project, Vol III, The Fossil Ungulates: Geology, Fossil Artiodactyls and Paleoenvironments. Oxford University Press, New York. :2, p. - 232, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, T. P. Volman 1991, Dating, Archaeology and Human Fossils from the Middle Stone Age Levels of Die Kelders, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 21:2, p. 363 - 395, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

E. Bonifay, R. G. Klein, T. P. Volman 1991, Les Premieres industries du Sud-Est de la France et du Massif-Central. Les Premiers Europeens. Edition du comite des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS). :2, p. 63 - 80, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

R. G. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, P. B. Beaumont 1991, Environmental, Ecological and Paleoanthropological Implications of the Late Pleistocene Mammalian Fauna from Equus Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Quaternary Research. 36:2, p. 94 - 119, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

G. D. Koufos, G. E. Syrides, K. K. Koliadimou 1991, A Pliocene primate from Macedonia (Greece). Journal of Human Evolution. 21:2, p. 283 - 294, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

E. Bonifay, G. E. Syrides, K. K. Koliadimou 1991, Les Premieres industries du Sud-Est de la France et du Massif-Central. Les Premiers Europeens. Edition du comite des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS). :2, p. 63 - 80, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. M. Harris, G. E. Syrides, K. K. Koliadimou 1991, Koobi Fora Research Project, Vol III, The Fossil Ungulates: Geology, Fossil Artiodactyls and Paleoenvironments. Oxford University Press, New York. :2, p. - 80, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

B. Wood, G. E. Syrides, K. K. Koliadimou 1991, Koobi Fora Research Project: Hominid Cranial Remains. Oxford University Press, New York. IV:2, p. - 80, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

M. Bon, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1991, I giacimenti Quaternari di vertebrati fossili nell'Italia Nord-Orientale. Memorie degli Instituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell'Universita di Padova. 47:2, p. 185 - 231, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. W. Marean, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1992, Implications of Late Quaternary mammalian fauna from Lukenya Hill (South-Central Kenya) for paleoenvironmental change and faunal extinctions. Quaternary Research. 37:2, p. 239 - 255, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

A. J. Stuart, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1992, The Pleistocene Vertebrate Faunas of West Runton, Norfolk, England. Cranium. 9:2, p. 77 - 84, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. K. Brain, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1993, Swartkrans: A Cave's Chronicle of Early Man. Transvaal Museum Monograph Transvaal Museum. Pretoria. 8:2, p. - 255, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. E. Kalb, G. Piccoli, B. Sala 1993, Refined stratigraphy of the hominid-bearing Awash Group, Middle Awash Valley, Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Newsletter of Stratigraphy. 29:1, p. 21 - 62, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

F. E. Grine, R.G. Klein, B. Sala 1993, Late Pleisticene Humans Remains from the Sea Harvest Site, Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Wetenskap. 89:1, p. 145 - 152, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. E. Kalb, R.G. Klein, B. Sala 1993, Refined stratigraphy of the hominid-bearing Awash Group, Middle Awash Valley, Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Newsletter of Stratigraphy. 29:1, p. 21 - 62, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

M. D. Leakey, D. A. Roe, B. Sala 1994, Olduvai Gorge: Excavations in Beds III, IV, and the Masek Beds, 1968-71. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 5:1, p. - 62, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. K. Brain, D. A. Roe, B. Sala 1994, The Swartkrans Palaeontological Research Project in perspective: results and conclusions. South African Journal of Science. 90:1, p. 220 - 223, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

E. S. Vrba, J. Gatesy, B. Sala 1994, New antelope fossils from Awash, Ethiopia, and phylogenetic analysis of Hippotragini (Bovidae, Mammalia). Palaeontologia Africana. 31:1, p. 55 - 72, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

H. B. S. Cooke, J. Gatesy, B. Sala 1994, Personal communication regarding the Omo Suidae. . :1, p. - 72, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

C. K. Brain, J. Gatesy, B. Sala 1994, The Swartkrans Palaeontological Research Project in perspective: results and conclusions. South African Journal of Science. 90:1, p. 220 - 223, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

R. Potts, J. Gatesy, B. Sala 1994, Variables versus models of early Pleistocene hominid land use. Journal of Human Evolution. 27:1, p. 7 - 24, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. H. Schwartz, T. H. Vu, L. C. Nguyen, K. T. Le, I. Tattersall 1994, A diverse hominoid fauna from the late middle Pleistocene breccia cave of Tham Khuyen, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History. 73:1, p. 1 - 11, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. F. Thackeray, V. Watson, L. C. Nguyen, K. T. Le, I. Tattersall 1994, A preliminary account of faunal remains from Plovers Lake. South African Journal of Science. 90:1, p. 231 - 232, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. Gibert, F. Ribot, L. Gibert, M. Leakey, A. Arribas, B. Martinez 1995, Presence of the Cercopithecid genus Theropithecus in Cueva Victoria (Murcia, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution. 28:1, p. 487 - 493, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

A. J. Stuart, F. Ribot, L. Gibert, M. Leakey, A. Arribas, B. Martinez 1995, Insularity and Quaternary vertebrate faunas in Britain and Ireland. In R. C. Preece, ed., Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective. Geological Society Special Publication No. 96, London.. :1, p. 111 - 125, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

J. E. Kalb, F. Ribot, L. Gibert, M. Leakey, A. Arribas, B. Martinez 1995, Fossil elephantoids, Awash paleolake basins, and the Afar triple junction, Ethiopia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 114:1, p. 357 - 368, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

N. Schmidt-Kittler, H. de Bruijn, C. Doukas 1995, The vertebrate locality Maramena (Macedonia, Greece) at the Turolian-Ruscinian Boundary (Neogene). 1. General Introduction. Munchner Goewiss. Abh. 28:1, p. 9 - 18, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

Y. Gu, W. Huang, D. Chen, X. Guo, N. G. Jablonski 1996, Pleistocene fossil Primates from Luoding, Guangdong. Vertebrata PalAsiatica (Gujizhui dongwu xuebao). 34:3, p. 235 - 250, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

G. Suwa, T. D. White, F. Clark Howell 1996, Mandibular postcanine dentition from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia: Crown morphology, taxonomic allocations and Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 101:3, p. 247 - 282, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

S. Gentili, L. Abbazzi, F. Masini, P. Ambrosetti, P. Argenti, D. Torre 1996, Voles from the Early Pleistocene of Pietrafitta (central Italy, Perugia). Acta Zoologica Cracovensia. 39:1, p. 185 - 199, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

N. E. Todd, W. Huang, D. Chen, X. Guo, N. G. Jablonski 1996, Dissertation, personal communication. . :3, p. - 250, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

W. H. Kimbel, R. C. Walter, D. C. Johanson, K. E. Reed, J. L. Aronson, Z. Assefa, C. W. Marean, G. G. Eck, R. Bobe, E. Hovers, Y. Rak, C. Vondra, T. Yemane, D. York, Y. Chen, N. M. Eversen, P. E. Smith 1996, Late Pleistocene Homo and oldowan tools from the Hadar Formation (Kada Hadar Member), Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 31:3, p. 549 - 561, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

E. Terzea, T. D. White, F. Clark Howell 1996, Biochronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Betfia (Bihor, Romania). Acta Zoologica Cracovensia. 39:1, p. 531 - 540, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

N. E. Todd, T. D. White, F. Clark Howell 1996, Dissertation, personal communication. . :3, p. - 282, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

G. Suwa, B. Aswfaw, Y. Beyene, T. White, S. Katoh, S. Nagaoka, H. Nakaya, K. Uzawa, P. Renne, G. WoldeGabriel 1997, The first skull of Australopithecus boisei. Nature. 389:6650, p. 489 - 492, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

A. El-Shahat, S. N. Ayyad, M. A. Abdalla 1997, Pliocene Facies and Fossil Contents of Qaret EI-Muluk Formation at Wadi EI-Natrun Depression, Western Desert, Egypt. Facies. 37:6650, p. 211 - 224, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

H. T. Bunn, S. N. Ayyad, M. A. Abdalla 1997, The bone assemblages from the excavated sites. Koobi Fora Research Project: Plio-Pleistoene Archaeology. 5:6650, p. 402 - 458, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

E. S. Vrba, S. N. Ayyad, M. A. Abdalla 1997, New fossils of Alcelaphini and Caprinae (Bovidae: Mammalia) from Awash, Ethiopia, and phylogenetic analysis of Alcelaphini. Palaeontologia Africana. 34:6650, p. 127 - 198, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

E. A. Vangengeim, I. A. Vislobokova, M. V. Sotnikova 1998, Large Ruscinian Mammalia in the Territory of the Former Soviet Union. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 6:4, p. 368 - 382, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

N. Spassov, I. A. Vislobokova, M. V. Sotnikova 1998, A new Late Villafranchian locality of vertebrate fauna - Slivnitsa (Bulgaria) and the carnivore dispersal events in Europe on the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary. Historia naturalis bulgarica. 9:4, p. 101 - 113, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

R. Potts, A. K. Behrensmeyer, P. Ditchfield 1999, Paleolandscape variation and Early Pleistocene hominid activities: Members 1 and 7, Olorgesailie Formation, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution. 37:4, p. 747 - 788, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

W. von Koenigswald, W.-D. Heinrich, P. Ditchfield 1999, Mittelpleistozane Saugetierfaunen aus Mitteleuropa - der Versuch einer biostratigraphischen Zuordnung. Kaupia. 9:4, p. 53 - 112, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

G. D. van den Bergh, W.-D. Heinrich, P. Ditchfield 1999, The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications. A study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line. Scripta Geologica. 117:4, p. 1 - 419, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

H. de Bruijn, G. Sarac, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, S. Roussiakis 1999, The status of the genus name Parapodemus SCHAUB, 1938; new data bearing on an old controversy. Elephants have a snorkel! Papers in honour of Paul Y. Sondaar - Deinsea. 7:4, p. 95 - 112, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

F. Marcolini, F. P. Bonadonna, T. Kotsakis, P. Mazza, G. Zanchetta 2000, Preliminary data on the micro- and macromammal remains from Casa Sgherri, Lower Valdarno (Tuscany, Italy). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana. 39:2, p. 243 - 252, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

R. G. Klein, K. Cruz-Uribe, T. Kotsakis, P. Mazza, G. Zanchetta 2000, Middle and later Stone Age large mammal and tortoise remains from Die Kelders Cave 1, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 38:2, p. 169 - 195, DOI: 10.1007/BF02739335

K. R. Reis, A. M. Garong, T. Kotsakis, P. Mazza, G. Zanchetta 2001, Late Quaternary terrestrial vertebrates from Palawan Islad, Philippines. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 171:2, p. 409 - 421, DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00256-5

P. Montoya, M. T. Alberdi, L. J. Barbadillo, J. van der Made, J. Morales, X. Murelaga, E. Penalver, F. Robles, A. R. Bustos, A. Sanchez, B. Sanchiz, D. Soria, Z. Szyndlar 2001, Une faune tres diversifee du Pleistocene inferieur de la Sierra de Quibas (province de Murcia, Espagne). Comptes Rendus de L'Academie des Sciences Serie II Fasicule A - Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes. 332:2, p. 387 - 393, DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00256-5

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J. M. Harris, M. G. Leakey, T. E. Cerling 2003, Early Pliocene Tetrapod Remains from Kanapoi, Lake Turkana Basin, Kenya. Contributions in Science. :498, p. 39 - 114, DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00256-5

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